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Orgo > Chap 12: Organic Compounds > Flashcards

Chap 12: Organic Compounds Flashcards

1
Q

What does an organic compound always contain?

A

C-H bonds

may contain nonmetal i.e. O, S, N, P, halogen

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2
Q

What are the typical properties of organic compounds?

A

covalent bonds
low MP/BP
flammable - undergo combustion
not water soluble

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3
Q

What are the typical properties of inorganic compounds?

A

high MP/BP
usually water soluble
most don’t burn in air

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4
Q

Which compounds have mostly ions?

A

inorganic

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5
Q

Which compounds contain most metals and nonmetals?

A

inorganic

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6
Q

Which compounds contain mostly nonmetals?

A

organic

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7
Q

Which compounds are mostly covalently bonded?

A

organic

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8
Q

Which compounds are ionicly bonded?

A

inorganic

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9
Q

Which compounds have low melting points?

A

organic

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10
Q

Which compounds have high melting points?

A

inorganic

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11
Q

Which compounds have low boiling points?

A

organic

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12
Q

Which compounds have high boiling points?

A

inorganic

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13
Q

Which compounds have high flammability?

A

organic

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14
Q

Which compounds have low flammability?

A

inorganic

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15
Q

Which compounds are usually water soluble?

A

inorganic

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16
Q

Which compounds are usually no water soluble?

A

organic

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17
Q

When are inorganic compounds not water soluble?

A

when they are nonpolar

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18
Q

When can organic compounds be water soluble?

A

when a polar group is present

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19
Q

When is a hydrocarbon saturated?

A

when all bonds present are single bonds

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20
Q

What are the IUPAC names for the first 10 alkanes?

A 
methane
ethane
propane
butane
pentane
hexane
heptane
octane
nonane
decane
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21
Q

Can alkanes rotate and thus have different shapes?

A

yes

can have different angles

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22
Q

What allows alkanes to rotate?

A

their single C-C bonds

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23
Q

What are the different arrangements of alkanes called?

A

conformations

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24
Q

Cycloalkanes differ from straight chained alkanes how?

A

cyclical
have 2 less H
use prefix cyclo

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25
Q

When is a substituent?

A

a side group attached to a carbon chain

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26
Q

When can a substituent be attached to an alkane?

A

when it has 4+ C atoms

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27
Q

What is a structural isomer?

A

same molecular formula with different arrangement/order

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28
Q

What are the isomer names of propane?

A

propyl

isopropyl

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29
Q

What does propyl looks like?

A

straight carbon chain

substituent attached to C1

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30
Q

What does isopropyl look like?

A

substituent attached at C2

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31
Q

What are the isomer names of butane?

A

butyl
isobutyl
sec-butyl
tert-butyl

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32
Q

What does butyl look like?

A

straight chain

substitutent attached to C1

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33
Q

What does isobutyl look like?

A

methyl group c attached to C2

other substituents attached to C1

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34
Q

What does sec-butyl look like?

A

straight chain

substituents attached at C2

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35
Q

What does tert-butyl look like?

A

central carbon surrounded by three methyl groups and an H or substituent

36
Q

How to name alkanes with substituents?

A 
name alkane with longest chain
number atoms (alway have substituents w/ lowest C#)
give location and name for each substituent
37
Q

How to name with halogen and alkyl groups?

A

halogens are put before the alkyl group and in alphabetical order if more than one.

alkyl group is a prefix to the base name

if more than one alkyl group add prefix di, tri, tetra, etc

38
Q

Which alkanes are gases at room temp?

A

1-4 carbons

methane, ethane, propane, butane

39
Q

Which alkanes are highly volatile liquids at room temp?

A

5-8 carbons

40
Q

Which alkanes are liquids with higher boiling points at room temp?

A

9-17 carbons

41
Q

Which alkanes are paraffins, waxy solids at room temp?

A

18+ carbons

42
Q

Which group has the lowest MP/BP of all organic compounds?

A

alkanes

43
Q

Why do alkanes have the lowest MP/BP of all organic compounds?

A

they have nonpolar C-C and C-H bonds

have only weak dispersion forces in solid/liquid state

44
Q

Branched alkanes have what MP/BP compared to straight chained alkanes?

A

lower

45
Q

Why do branched alkanes have lower MP/BP?

A

tend to be more compact (reduce points of contact b/w molecules)

not linear so can’t line up close each other

46
Q

Cycloalkanes have what MP/BP compared to straight chained alkanes with same number of carbons?

A

higher

47
Q

Why do cycloalkanes have higher MP/BP?

A

limited rotation of C bonds

maintain rigid structure (stacked closely together) giving them many points of contact and attractions to each other

48
Q

List alkanes from highest to lowest MP/BP?

A

cycloalkanes
straight alkanes
branched alkanes

49
Q

What is needed for the combustion of alkanes?

A

oxygen

50
Q

What is produced from the combustion of alkanes?

A

CO2
H2O
energy

51
Q

Are alkanes more or less dense than water?

A

less dense

52
Q

Are alkanes soluble in water?

A

no

53
Q

Are alkanes flammable in air?

A

yes, because O is present

54
Q

What are alkenes?

A

carbon chain with double bond

55
Q

What are alkynes?

A

carbon chain with triple bond

56
Q

Why can’t methane have an alkene or alkyne form?

A

a C-C double or triple bond must be present and methane only has one C

57
Q

What is the arrangement of alkenes?

A

trigonal planar

58
Q

What is the arrangement for alkynes?

A

linear

59
Q

What is the arrangement for alkanes?

A

tetrahedral

60
Q

How to name alkenes?

A

replace -ane with -ene

61
Q

How to name alkynes?

A

replace -ane with -yne

62
Q

Steps for naming alkenes/alkynes?

A

name logest C chain
number so smallest # is nearer the double/triple bond
give location and name of substituents

63
Q

When naming cycloalkenes do you have to but the C# where the double bond is, why?

A

No, it is assumed the double bond is between C1 and C2

64
Q

When are cis-trans isomers possible? why?

A

in alkenes

double bond makes it rigid and can’t rotate so groups can attach to different C atoms on each side of the double bond

65
Q

Can cis-trans isomers occur when two groups are the same one on one of the carbons?

A

no, they must be on different carbons

66
Q

Naming cis-trans isomers?

A

use prefix cis or trans in front of the alkene

e.g. cis-1,2-dibromoethene

67
Q

What are the addition reactions of alkenes and alkynes?

A

hydrogenation
hydration
polymerization

68
Q

What are the reactants, catalyst and product of hydrogenation?

A

alkene + H2

Pt, Ni, or Pd

Alkane

69
Q

What are the reactants, catalyst, and product of hydration?

A

alkene + H2O

H+ (strong acid)

alcohol

70
Q

What are the reactants, catalyst, and product of polymerization?

A

alkenes

higher temp/press

polymer

71
Q

What happens with elements in hydrogenation?

A

H atoms replace the double/triple bond

add H2 (2H) for double bond to make alkene an alkane

add 2H2 (4H) for triple bond to make alkyne and alkane

72
Q

What happens with elements in hydration?

A

alkene reacts with water (H-OH) to make alcohol

the H from water forms a bond on C double bond with more H atoms

the OH forms a bond on second C or double bond with fewer H atoms

73
Q

What is Markovnikov’s rule?

A

when H2O and alkene react H goes to C with more H atoms and OH goes to C with less H atoms

74
Q

What is a polymer?

A

a large molecule that consists of small repeating units called monomers

75
Q

What are some properties of polymers?

A

unreactive
don’t decompose easily
not biodegradable
significant contributor to pollution

76
Q

What is benzene?

A

aromatic compound
C6H6
ring structure with alternating double bonds

77
Q

What is a benzene with a methyl group attached called (not IUPAC)?

A

toluene

78
Q

What is a benzene with a anime group attached called (not IUPAC)?

A

aniline

79
Q

What is a benzene with a hydroxyl group attached called (no IUPAC)?

A

phenol

80
Q

How to name aromatic compounds if it is the substituent?

A

if a benzene ring is a substituent it is named as a phenyl group
e.g. 3-phenyl-1-butene

81
Q

How to name aromatic compounds if it has a substituent?

A

same prefixes as before attached to benzene
e.g. 1,2-dichlorobenzene
if only one substituent don’t need to number the C

82
Q

Compare to cyclic alkanes with the same number of carbons what is the MP/BP of aromatic compounds?

A

higher MP/BP

83
Q

List densities from least dense to most dense of aromatic compounds, other hydrocarbons, and water?

A

hydrocarbons
aromatic compounds
water
holgenated benzene

84
Q

Are aromatic hydrocarbons soluble in water?

A

no

85
Q

When can an aromatic compound be soluble in water?

A

when it contain the highly polar -OH or -COOH

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