Chap 1 The Causes Of Tudor Rebellions Flashcards
Economic and Social Causes P of G
(Taxes)
Item 14 Pontefract articles concerned
- Rebels didn’t want to pay taxes from the Subsidy Act 1534, the Subsidy yielded £80,000 rebels “couldn’t” afford it
-Yorkshire rebels argued taxes only needed for defence
-Lincolnshire tax believed to be prelude for more fiscal exactions
-Statute of Uses (1536) closed tax loop holes, inheritance of estates ONLY for eldest child
Economic and Social Causes P of G
(Famine)
Bad harvest (1535) caused growing discontent + famine
Economic and Social Causes P of G
(Rent)
Rack renting by Henry Clifford ( Earl of Cumberland) and Henry Percy (Earl of Northumberland) + increased interest rates (landlords taking advantage)
Factional Causes P of G
(Lincoln)
Aragonese Faction
- wanted Mary’s legitimacy reinstated / angry with divorce
Lincoln rebels
-Sir Robert Dymoke - C of A’s Chancellor
-Sir Christopher Willoughby - knight of C of A’s body
- Lord Hussey - Chamberlain to Mary
Factional Causes a of P of G
(Yorkshire)
Aragonese Faction
- wanted Mary’s legitimacy reinstated / angry with divorce
Yorkshire rebels
- Lord Darcy - absent from parliament regarding act of succession to avoid arrest. Also have Pontefract Castle to the rebels
- Sir Robert Constable- fiercely opposed divorce
Factional Causes P of G
(Fail)
Cromwell remained faithful to the king so Aragonese Faction failed
Religious Causes P of G
-Fears of Gentry that Henry went too far
-Fears of Heresy and diversity of religious beliefs in the kings council and convocation
-Henry and others beleive heretical ideas had to be stopped
-Act of Ten Articles (July 1536) clarified theological position and guiding principles of C of E
-Thomas Cromwell campaigned against the Cult of Saints
-100 + monastries / Abbey’s closed down is dissolution
Government Intervention Causes of P of G
Government strongly against saints, pilgrimages and holy days
- In Kirkby Stephen (Westmoreland) priest failed to offer prayers for St Luke’s Day, Durham protestors carried a banner of St Cuthbert
Overview of causes P of G
(Area)
Dependant on area
- Westmorland - unfair rents from Henry Clifford
- Cumberland - thieving and robbery as well as resentment towards tithes and poor quality of priests
- North Lancashire - closure of monastries (e.g. )
-Pennines/Yorkshire/Durham - peasants joined land lords protest at government policies
Overview of Causes P of G
(Long/Short term)
Long term -> social + economic -> pressure on work force
Short term -> enclosures + subsidy act
Simnel Rebellion
-1486-1487
-Henry VII
-Succession
-Pretender to the throne
-Encouraged by Richard Symonds, Oxford priest
Perkin Warbeck
-1497
-Henry VII
- Pretender to be Richard Duke of York, one of the princes in the tower
-Succession
Pilgrimage of Grace
-1536
-Henry VIII
-Henry Clifford rack renting
-Factional Mary Tudor succession
-Item 14 Pontefract articles
-Religious reforms
-Tax/Rent
-Factional- succession
Northern Earls Rebellion
-1569-1570
-Elizabeth I
-Westmorland
-Northumberland
-Release Mary Stuart
-Catholic earls wanted more power
-Religious
Essex Rebellion
-1601
-Elizabeth
-Essex wanted to raise support in London for him rather than Robert Cecil and Queens councillor
-Nobles not willing to risk position
-Factional
Amicable Grant
-1525
-Henry VIII
-Economic to fund was with France - taxes
-Mainly Suffolk forced gov to back down
-Tax
Western Rebellion
-1549
-Edward VI
-Cornish and Devon protestors besieged Exeter and demanded an end to the Protestant reform
-Unhappy with taxes on sheep/wool
-Lasted 5-weeks
-Religious pro catholic
Yorkshire
-1489
-Henry VII
-Unwillimg to pay taxes to fund war with France
-Led by Sir John Egremont Earl of Northumberland
-Tax
Oxfordshire
-1596
-Elizabeth I
-Severe economic problem, only armed uprising in England in the 1590’s
-Harsh punishments were given to rebels
-enclosures
Lovel
-1486
-Henry VII
-Battle of Bosworth councillor, Richard III over throw Henry VII
-Fled to Flanders, failed
-Successiom
Stafford
-1486
-Henry VII
-Humphrey and Thomas eluded capture from Battle of Bosworth. Fled to Worcester and captured in Culham Church. Humphrey was executed.
-Succession
Cornish
-1497
-Henry VII
-Audley, Flamank and Joseph executed
-Unwilling to to pay taxes to fund war with Scotland
-Tax
Silken Thomas
-1534-1537
-Henry VIII
-Thomas O’Neill and his five uncles attacked Henry’s administration
-Arrest of Earl of Kildare (Dublin)
-Submitted to Anglo-Irish army
-Government intervention
Kett
-1549
-Edward VI
-Norfolk against illegal enclosures and agrarian practices
-Rebel camps in East Anglia e.g Mousehole Heath
-enclosures
Northumberland
-1553
-Mary I
-Wanted Lady Jane Grey on the throne to stop Mary becoming Queen
-Factional
Wyatt
-1554
-Mary I
-Troops in Kent to protest Mary’s proposed marriage to Phillip of Spain. Rebellion failed to materialise
-Succession
Shane O’Neill
-1558-1567
-Elizabeth I
-O’Neill didn’t want to lose earldom to his brother, so murdered him.
-Turned on English settlers in Earldom
-Government intervention
Munster
-1569-1573
-Elizabeth I
-James Fitzmaurice Fitzgerald rose up against English plantations in Munster
-800 rebels were executed
-Government intervention
Geraldine
-1579-1583
-Elizabeth I
-Fitzgerald returned from abroad and increased Irish rebels at Elizabeth’s religious and political policies
-Fitzgerald killed
-Aid from Italy and Spain troops
-Religious policies
Tyrone
-1595-1603
-Elizabeth I
-Government intervention
-Hugh O’Neill raised Irish support against English rule
-Insufficient resources until military commander Lord Mountjoy to submit
