Chap 1 Gateway 2 Earthquakes and Volcanic eruptions

Question 1

What is an earthquake?

Answer 1

It is a vibration in the earth’s crust caused by a sudden release of energy stored in the rocks found along fault lines

Question 2

Why does the earthquake occur?

Answer 2

When there is a plate movement along plate boundaries

Question 3

What does plate movements cause?

Answer 3

A slow build-up of stress on the rocks found on either side of the fault

Question 4

What happens the rocks can no longer withstand the stress in a plate movement

Answer 4

They suddenly slip many metres causing the the earthquake

Question 5

What energy does earthquakes release

Answer 5

seismic waves

Question 6

Seismic waves radiate out from a point of sudden energy called?

Answer 6

The focus

Question 7

What is the epicentre?

Answer 7

It is point on the earth’s surface directly above the focus

Question 8

What follows after an earthquake event

Answer 8

Smaller earthquakes called aftershocks

Question 9

What are different types of earthquakes

Answer 9

Deep-focus earthquakes

Shallow-focus earthquake

Question 10

Where is the location of deep-focus earthquakes?

Answer 10

Between 70 and 700 km below the earth’s surface

Question 11

Where is the location of shallow-focus earthquakes?

Answer 11

In the upper 70 km of the earth’s crust

Question 12

What is the impact of the deep-focus earthquakes?

Answer 12

Smaller impact on the land as seismic waves take a longer time to reach the surface

Question 13

What is the impact of the shallow-focus earthquakes?

Answer 13

Greater impact on the land as seismic waves reach land surface more quickly

Question 14

What scale is used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes?

Answer 14

Richter Scale

Question 15

What are factors aside from magnitude of earthquake to affect the extent of damage?

Answer 15

Population density
Level of preparedness
Distance from the epicentre
Time of occurance
Type of soil

Question 16

Where does earthquakes occur?

Answer 16

At convergent, divergent and transform plate boundaries

Question 17

Which plate boundary does earthquakes occur most and why?

Answer 17

Convergent, because more stress occurs builds uo when a plate subducts beneath another

Question 18

What is the machine that records the seismic waves?

Answer 18

A seismograph

Question 19

What are the risk associated with living in earthquake zones?

Answer 19

Tsunamis
Disruption of services
Landslides
Destruction of properties
Destruction of infrastructures
Loss of lives

Question 20

What causes volcanic eruptions?

Answer 20

Tectonic activity that occurs on land and on sea

Question 21

In regards to volcanic eruptions, how do we classify volcanoes?

Answer 21

Active
Dormant
Extinct

Question 22

What are the risks of living near volcanic areas?

Answer 22

Massive destruction by volcanic materials

Pollution

Question 23

What are the different types of destruction from volcanic eruptions?

Answer 23

Lava flows
volcanic bombs
landslides

Question 24

What are the different types of pollution from volcanic eruptions?

Answer 24

Thick plumes of volcanic ash
Release of gases such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide
Fine ash particles can travel afar and cause serious damage to aircraft engines

Question 25

What are the benefits of living near volcanic areas?

Answer 25

Fertile soil
Precious stones and minerals
Tourism
Geothermal energy

Question 26

What the types of crops that the fertile soil of Bali and Java support

Answer 26

Tea
coffee
rice

Question 27

What are the types of precious stones that volcanic rocks contain?

Answer 27

Diamonds

Question 28

What is an example of tourism that a volcanic area provides?

Answer 28

Pompei

Question 29

How is Geothermal energy derived?

Answer 29

From the heat in the earth’s crust. When groundwater comes into contact with the hot rocks, it heats up as hot water and steam. The steam can be harnessed to drive turbines and produce electricity.