Chap 1 Gateway 2 Flashcards
What are examples of Fold Mountains?
Himalayas
Rocky Mountain
Andes
What is the process of folding?
It is the compression of rock layers into wave like structures
What is the upfold called?
anticline
What is the downfold called?
syncline
What are the different types of rocks?
Sedimentary
Igneous
Metamorphic
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
From multiple layers of sendiment
How are igneous rocks formed?
When molten rocks cool and solidfy
How are metamorphic rocks formed?
When rocks are changed by high temperatures or pressure within the crust
Where are young fold mountains located at?
Along the active plate boundaries
What are examples of rift valleys?
East African
Hutt Valley in New Zealand
Rhine Valley
What is a fault?
It is a fracture in the rocks along which the rocks are displaced
What causes a fault
The tensional forces when plates are pulled apart, result in parts of the fault being fractured
What is a rift valley?
It is valley with steep slides, where blocks of land subside between a pair of parallel faults
What is a block mountain?
It a block of land between a pair of parallel faults with steep slopes left standing higher when land mass surrounding it subside
What are examples of block mountains?
Vosges
Sierra Nevada
Black Forest
How is a Volcano formed?
It is landform formed by magma ejected from the mantle onto the earth’s surface
What is a magma chamber?
It is reservoir of molten rock beneath the earth’s crust
Where are volcanoes located at?
At divergent plate boundaries and convergent plate boundaries where there is subduction
What are vents?
Vents are openings in the earth’s surface with a pipe leading into the magma chamber
What is magma ejected into the surface known as?
lava
What is the upward movement of the magma both into the earth’s crust and onto the earth’s surface known as
Vulcanicity
What is viscosity?
It refers to the stickiness of the lava or its resistance to flow
What is the most common types of volcanoes?
Shield volcanoes
Statovolcanoes
What determines the shape and sizes of volcanoes
It depends on the lava
Low silica lava with low viscosity flows easily and spreads out over a large area, forming shield volcanoes
High silica lava is more viscous and traps gases more easily, resulting in a build of pressure below the earth’s surface. As the mag,a rises, the gases expand causing an outward explosion of lava, ash, rock fragments into the surrounding area. Stratovolcanoes develop from successive eruptions of lava and pyroclasts
What are pyroclasts?
it refers to ash, rock fragments and volcanic bombs ejected during a volcanic eruption
How is a caldera formed?
When the summit of a volcano is blown off during an explosive eruption, the sides of the crater collapse inwards due to ;loss of structural support.
Where are most volcanoes found at?
The Pacific ring of fire which is along the boundaries of several converging plates,
What are the plates along the Pacific ring of fire?
Pacific Nazca Philippine Australian Eurasian
