chap 1 - Characteristics and classification of living organisms Flashcards
Characteristics all living organisms show:
- Movement
- Respiration
- Sensitivity
- Nutrition
- Excretion
- Reproduction
- Growth
Define movement
action caused by an organism or part of an organism causing change of place or position.
Define respiration
chemical reaction in cell that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism
Sensitivity-
the ability to detect or sense stimuli in the external or internal environment and make appropriate responses
Growth-
the permanent increase in size or dry mass by an increase in cell size or cell number or both
Reproduction
process that makes more of the same kind of organism
Excretion-
removal of waste products of metabolism (chemical reaction in cell such as respiration), toxic materials and substances in excess of requirements
Nutrition
taking in of substances for energy, growth and development. Plants require light, CO2, water and mineral ions. Animals require organic substances , ions and water
Define Metabolism
Chemical reactions in cells including respiration
Plants require:
- Light
- Carbon dioxide
- Water
- Ions
Animals require:
- Organic compounds
- Ions
- Usually need water
What is a classification system?
System to classify organisms in to groups by the features they share
species
group of organisms that can interbreed among themselves and produce fertile offsprings
The binomial system
is the internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of 2 parts showing the genus and species.
Traditional classification systems
- Reflect evolutionary relationships
- Based on morphology and anatomy
What is a more accurate way to classify organisms?
- Sequence of bases in their DNA
- Sequences of amino acids in their proteins
Explain how DNA sequence and ancestry are related
More recent ancestors share more similar base sequences in DNA
Cells of all living organisms have
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
- DNA (as genetic material)
- Ribosomes for protein synthesis
- Enzymes involved in respiration
List the 5 Kingdoms:
- Animals
- Plants
- Fungi
- Prokaryotes
- Protoctists
What feature makes a prokaryote?
- No definite nucleus
What feature makes a protoctist?
- All the cells are the same
Plants:
- Have different types of cells
- Have cell walls
Fungi:
- Have cell walls
- Feed by external digestion
Animals:
- No cell wall
- Different types of cells
- Internal digestion
What is a vertebrate?
An animal with a backbone
The main groups of vertebrates
- mammals
- birds
- reptiles
- fish
- amphibians
Mammals
- Furry skin
- Mammary glands
Birds
- Wings
- Feathers
- Scales on legs and feet
Reptiles
- Dry scaly skin
Fish
- Have scales and fins
- Operculum covering gills
- Lateral line containing sense organs
Amphibians
- Moist skin
The main groups of arthropods
-myriapods
- insects
- arachnids
- crustaceans
Myriapods
- Antennae
- Many body segments
- Hard exoskeleton
Insects
- Compound eyes
- Segmented body- head, thorax, and abdomen
- Two pairs of wings
- Antennae
- Three pairs of legs
- Mouthparts
Arachnids
- Head and thorax combined
- Simple eyes
- Four pairs of legs
- Spinneret
- Powerful jaws (all predators)
Crustaceans
- Claws with hard serrated edges
- Eyes
- Jointed limbs
- Gills under shell
- Carapace
Features of a fern
- Leaves called fronds
- Fronds carry sporangia
- Sporangia release spores
- Have underground rhizomes
- Simple, true roots
Features of an angiosperm
- Produce flowers
- Produce fruit
- Can be monocotyledons or dicotyledons
- Have stomata
- Vascular systems for transport
- Extensive root systems
What is a virus made up of?
- Protein coat
- Genetic material
