Chap 1 - Cells Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is cell membrane
- Controls movements of substances into and out of cell
- Partially permeable
What is Cytoplasm
- Most cell activities take place there
- Contain ogranelles
What is Mitochondria
Carries out aerobic respiration which oxidises food to release energy (cannot produce energy)
What is a nucleus
- Contains genetic material ( DNA )
Controls cell activities
What is Ribosomes
- Make protein that are usually transported out of the cell
- Lies freely in cytoplasm and make protein for it
What is cell wall
- Protects cell from injuries and give cell a regular shape
- Made out of cellulose
- Fully permeable
What is Chloroplasts
- Carry out photosynthesis in plant cell
- Contain chlorophyll ➡ absorbs light energy
What is Vacuoles
- Animals ➡ many small vacuoles that contain food and water substances
- Plant ➡ Large central vacuole that contain cell sap
Similarities of plant and animal cells
Have nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, chromosome, vacuoles and mitochondrion
What does animal cell contain
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, chromosome, vacuoles and mitochondrion
Differences of plant and animal cells
- Animal cell have small and numerous vacuoles but plant have large central vacuoles
- Plant have chloroplast and cell wall which provide fix shape
What does plant cell contain
nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, chromosome, vacuoles, mitochondrion, cell wall and chloroplast
What is a specialized cell
It posses unique features and structures that enable them to carry out specific function efficiently
What is the unique features of red blood cell
It contains Haemoglobin, lacks nucleus, has a biconcave shape and have structures that allow it to bend and be flexible
What does the red pigment : haemoglobin do
It binds reversibly to oxygen and allow each red blood cell to be transported efficiently
How lacking nucleus help red blood cells
It gives red blood cell more space to carry haemoglobin and transport oxygen from lungs to the rest of the body
How having circular and biconcave shape help red blood cells
It increase surface area - to - volume ratio of cell which allow exchange of oxygen to occur at faster rate
How does having structures that allow the cell to be flexible and bend easily help the cell
It allow the cell to squeeze through narrow capillaries easily
What is the special features of muscle cell
It has many mitochondria and muscle cell is elongated and bundle together
Why having many mitochondria help the muscle cell
It allow respiration to happen at a faster rate, releasing more energy for cell to use for contraction and relaxation
How does having elongated ad bundle together help the cell
It has different types and all contraction and relaxation to allow movement
What special function the root cell have
It has elongated and have long and narrow protrusion
What is the special function of the epithelical cell of small intestine
It has microvilli and large amount of mitochondria
How does having elongated and have long and narrow protrusion help the cell
It increases surface - to - volume ratio of the root hair cell which allow faster rate of absorption of water and mineral salts
