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Biology > Chap 1: Cells > Flashcards

Chap 1: Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the difference between animal and plant cells?

A

Plant has a cell wall, chloroplasts and a large central vacuole
Animal cell: no cell wall & chloroplast with small vacuoles

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2
Q

Which parts of the cell can only be seen with an electron microscope?

A

Endoplasmic reticulum, golgi body, mitochondria and ribosomes

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3
Q

What is cell membrane and what does it do?

A
  • A partially permeable membrane that only allow some substances to pass
  • Controls the movement of substances in & out of the cell
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4
Q

What is cell wall and what does it do?

A
  • A fully permeable membrane that does not control substances that enter/leave the cell
    = Protects cell from injury and gives it a fixed shape
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5
Q

What is cytoplasm and what does it do?

A
  • A jelly like substance that contains organelles
  • A place where most cell activities occur
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6
Q

What is the nucleus and what does it do?

A

= Surrounds the nuclear membrane and contains genetic information from chromosomes
- Controls all cell activities and is essential for cell division

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7
Q

Which organelles are a part of the nucleus?

A

Chromosomes & nuclear membrane

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8
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

Contains proteins and DNA which carries instructions for cell activities - human has 46 chromosomes

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9
Q

What is the nuclear membrane?

A

It separates the nucleus content from the rest of the cytoplasm

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10
Q

What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A
  • An organelle lined with the membrane containing ribosomes that synthesises proteins
  • Transports ribosome-made proteins to Golgi body for secretion out of cell
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11
Q

What are ribosomes and what do they do?

A
  • Small round structures that is used to synthesise proteins in the cell
  • Found attached to RER - make proteins that are transported out of cell
  • Also found lying freely in cytoplasm which makes proteins used within the cytoplasm
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12
Q

What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A
  • An organelle attached to the RER with no ribosomes
  • It synthesises fats & steroids and detoxifies harmful substances
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13
Q

What is the Golgi body (Golgi apparatus)?

A
  • Surrounds membrane which contains vesicles
  • Chemically modifies substances made by ER and stores & packages these substances in vesicles for secretion
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14
Q

What is the mitochondria? (singular: mitochondrion)

A
  • An organelle used for aerobic respiration when food substances are broken down to release energy for growth & reproduction
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15
Q

What are chloroplasts?

A
  • An organelle containing chlorophyll which is essential for photosynthesis
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16
Q

What are vacuoles?

A
  • An organelle enclosed by partially permeable membrane that store substances within the cell
17
Q

What are vacuoles in plant cells used for?

A

Contains dissolved substances like sugar, mineral salts, amino acids etc

18
Q

What are vacuoles in animal cells used for?

A

Contains food and water substances temporarily

19
Q

What are the special features of a red blood cell? (hint: 4)

A
  • Cytoplasm containing haemoglobin
  • Circular, biconcave shape
  • Lacks nucleus
  • Flexible
20
Q

How does cytoplasm containing haemoglobin help the red blood cells?

A

haemoglobin - red pigment
It binds to oxygen and transports it to the body

21
Q

How does a circular, biconcave shape help the red blood cells?

A

It increases surface area to volume ratio which helps oxygen diffuse in & out at a higher rate

22
Q

How does no nucleus help the red blood cell?

A

It helps contains more haemoglobin for transport of oxygen

23
Q

How does being flexible help the red blood cells?

A

It can squeeze through the capillaries easily, hence faster transportation

24
Q

What are the special features of a muscle cell? (hint: 2)

A
  • Elongated with cylindrical shape
  • Has mitochondria
25
Q

How does an elongated, cylindrical shape help the muscle cell?

A

It helps to contain many nuclei and mitochondria

26
Q

How does mitochondria help the muscle cell?

A

It provides energy for the contraction of muscle cells

27
Q

What is the special feature of a root hair cell?

A
  • Long, narrow root hair
28
Q

How does a long narrow root hair benefit the root hair cell?

A

It increases the surface area to volume ratio which helps to absorb water and mineral salts at a faster rate

Biology (5 decks)

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