chap. 1

Question 1

Who is the father of psychology?

Answer 1

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 2

who are the twins in the first chapter

Answer 2

Anaïs Samantha

Question 3

Basic research

Answer 3

focuses on collecting data to support (or refute) theories.

Question 4

Applied research

Answer 4

focuses on changing behaviors and outcomes, and often leads to real-world applications,

Question 5

DESCRIBE

Answer 5

Goal 1 is to describe or report what is observed.

Question 6

EXPLAIN

Answer 6

Goal 2 is to organize and make sense of research observations.

Question 7

PREDICT

Answer 7

goal 3 to predict behaviors or outcomes on the basis of observed patterns

Question 8

CHANGE

Answer 8

goal 4 to use research findings to modify or change behavior.

Question 9

Plato:Nature

Answer 9

inherited features that are biological

Question 10

Aristotle:Nurture

Answer 10

environmental features that shape behavior,personality

,and other characteristics

Question 11

introspection

Answer 11

the examination of ones own conscious activities

Question 12

Sturctualism-Titchner

Answer 12

An early school of psychology that used introspection to determine the structure and most basic elements of the mind.

Question 13

James’s Functionalism

Answer 13

An early school of psychology that focused on the function of thought processes, feelings, and behaviors and how they help us adapt to the environment

Question 14

Mary Calkins

Answer 14

first woman to become president of the APA (American Psychological Association.)

Question 15

Margret Washburn

Answer 15

First woman to receive a PHD in Psychology

Question 16

Psychoanalytic
Behavioral
Humanistic
Cognitive
Evolutionary
Biological
Sociocultural
Biopsychosocial

Answer 16

psychology’s main perspective.

Question 17

Psychoanalytic

Answer 17

Underlying conflicts influence behavior. (Freud)

Question 18

Behavioral

Answer 18

Behavior is learned primarily through associations, reinforcers, and observation. (Pavlov)

Question 19

Humanistic

Answer 19

Humans are naturally inclined to grow in a positive direction.

Question 20

Cognitive

Answer 20

Behavior is driven by cognitive processes.

Question 21

Evolutionary

Answer 21

Humans have evolved characteristics that help them adapt to the environment, increasing their chances of surviving and reproducing.
Based on Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection

Question 22

Biological

Answer 22

Behavior and mental processes arise from physiological activity.

Question 23

Sociocultural

Answer 23

Other people, as well as the broader cultural context, influence behavior and mental processes.

Question 24

Biopsychosocial

Answer 24

Behavior and mental processes are shaped by a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.

Question 25

What do psychologists do?

Answer 25

Clinical and counseling work
Lab-based research
Assessment of children in school settings
Study brain function in medical centers
Study crimes and their perpetrators
Analyze how humans interact with products and technology
Work with athletes to enhance performance

Question 26

Anecdotal evidence

Answer 26

personal observation

Question 27

Psychological literacy

Answer 27

the ethical application of psychological skills and knowledge

Question 28

Critical thinking

Answer 28

weighing pieces of evidence, and considering the source and quality of information before accepting it as valid