Chap 1,2,3 Flashcards
Database:
A collection of organized data used for storage, management, and retrieval.
Forms
Online pages for user input, including checkboxes, text boxes, and drop-down lists.
DBMS (Database Management System):
Software used to create, manage, and secure databases (e.g., MySQL, Access).
Tags:
Electronic devices used to identify and track items, often using RFID technology.
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification):
Tiny chips that store and transmit information to readers for database entry.
Digital Sensors:
Devices that detect environmental data (e.g., temperature, light) and transmit it digitally.
Cookies
Small text files stored by web browsers to identify users and personalize web pages.
Transaction Tracking:
Recording transaction details, like store location, payment info, and employee involvement.
Location-Based Data:
Data that provides location info, such as maps, traffic patterns, and GPS tracking.
LBS (Location-Based Services):
Software apps that use location data for services like navigation and ride-sharing.
Data Warehouse:
A central storage system for historical data from multiple databases, used for analysis.
Normalization:
Organizing database structure to reduce redundancy and improve efficiency.
ETL (Extract, Transform, Load):
The process of transferring data from sources to a warehouse for analysis.
Data Mining:
Analyzing large datasets to find patterns and trends for decision-making.
Data Extraction:
Selecting relevant data from large datasets for analysis
Pattern Recognition:
Identifying trends and relationships between data points.
Data Integrity
Ensuring data is accurate, consistent, and reliable throughout its lifecycle.
Data Validation:
Checking data accuracy and format before it is entered into a database.
Data Verification:
Manually confirming that database entries are correct.
Access Control:
Restricting database access based on user roles and passwords.
Parallel Data Sets:
Backup copies of databases used to detect corruption or data loss.
Field:
A single piece of information about an item or person (e.g., Name, Age).
Primary Key:
A unique field used to identify each record in a table.
Data Integrity:
Ensuring accuracy, consistency, and reliability of data throughout its lifecycle.
Record
A collection of related fields representing one entry (e.g., a student’s info).
Data Security:
Protecting data from unauthorized access, corruption, or loss.
Data Redundancy:
Storing the same data in multiple places, increasing size and errors.
Data Independence:
Separation between data and the application using it.
Database Administrator:
Manages user access, database maintenance, and security
Database Developer:
Designs and develops the structure of a database.
End User:
Individuals who interact with the database, like teachers or customers.
Insertion Anomaly:
Inability to add data without other related data (e.g., can’t add a student without an enrollment date).
Modification Anomaly:
Changing one piece of data requires updating multiple records, risking inconsistencies.
Deletion Anomaly:
Deleting one record accidentally removes related important data.
Data Redundancy:
Storing the same data in multiple places, causing inefficiency
Normalization:
The process of organizing data to reduce redundancy and anomalies.
Third Normal Form (3NF):
Remove transitive dependencies; non-primary fields should not depend on other non-primary fields.
First Normal Form (1NF)
Ensure each field contains only one value (atomicity).
Second Normal Form (2NF)
Remove partial dependencies; every field must depend on the whole primary key.
Alternative Key:
A unique field that could act as a primary key but isn’t chosen as one.
Foreign Key:
A field in one table that links to the primary key of another table.
Composite Key:
A combination of multiple fields used together to uniquely identify a record.
Mobile Technology:
Portable computing devices like smartphones, tablets, and laptops.
Location-Based Computing:
Software that adjusts based on the user’s location (e.g., GPS navigation).
Advantages of Mobility:
Portability, internet access anywhere, and convenience for tasks like emails and banking.
Disadvantages of Mobility:
Limited processing power, smaller storage, and shorter battery life.
Storage Type:
SSDs are faster than HDDs for reading and writing data
Cooling System:
Prevents overheating, which can slow down performance
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
The brain of the computer, responsible for processing instructions.
RAM (Random Access Memory):
Temporary storage that affects multitasking speed.
Output Devices:
Devices that display results, like monitors, printers, and speakers
GPU (Graphics Processing Unit):
Handles graphics and video rendering.
Input Devices:
Tools for user interaction, like keyboards, mice, and scanners.
Storage Devices:
Used to save data, including SSDs, HDDs, and flash drives
I/O Devices:
Dual-purpose devices like touchscreens and game controllers.
