chap 1 Flashcards
Series of selected events that influenced nursing practice.
Historical Perspectives
theme of Women’s roles
and status, religious (Christian) values, war, societal attitudes, and visionary nursing leadership
Historical Perspectives
traditional female roles of wife, daughter and sister always included the care and
nurturing of other family members.
Women’s Roles
called on to care for others who
were ill.
Women’s Roles
provide is related to physical maintenance and comfort.
Women’s Roles
traditional
nursing roles has always entailed:
Humanistic caring
Nurturing
Comforting
Supporting
Christian value of “love thy neighbors as thyself”
Religion
Christ’s parable of the Good Samaritan
Religion
wealthy matrons such as Fabiola, converted to Christianity and used their wealth to provide houses of care and healing
3rd and 4th century
wealthy matron who converted to Christianity and used their wealth to provide houses of care and healing
Fabiola
care of people with leprosy, syphilis and chronic
skin condition.
Knights of Saint Lazarus
brothers who organized care for victims of Black Plague in the 14th century in Germany.
Alexian Brothers
the Alexian brothers organized care for victims of the Black Plague in the 14th century in Germany during the
Medieval times
Early religious values such as:
Self- denial
Spiritual calling
Devotion to duty
Hard work
War
Crimean War (1854-1856)
American Civil War (1861-1865)
Crimean War was during the years
1854-1856
American Civil War was during the years
1861-1865
inadequacy of care given to soldiers in Great Britain.
Crimean War
recruit contingent nurses to provide care to the sick and injured in the Crimea.
Florence Nightingale
She transformed the military hospitals by setting up sanitation practices,
Florence Nightingale
sanitation practices that Florence Nightingale set up
hand washing and washing clothing regularly.
mortality rate decreased from
42% to 2% in 6 months.
credited with performance after the mortality rate decreased from 42% to 2% in 6 months.
Florence Nightingale
when was care and safety to slaves fleeing to the North on the Underground railroad provided?
American Civil War
who provided care and safety to slaves fleeing to the North on the Underground railroad
Harriet Tubman and Sojourner Truth
volunteered as nurses to give care to injured soldiers
Walt Whitman and Louisa May Alcott
Union’s superintendent female nurse is responsible for recruiting and supervising all women nurses working in the army hospitals.
Dorothea Dix
according to _____, a woman’s place was in the home
society
according to _____, no respectable woman should have a career.
society
book written by Charles Dickens
Martin Chuzzllewit (1896)
Martin Chuzzllewit was written in
1896
Martin Chuzzllewit was written by
Charles Dickens
book written wherein he reflected his attitude toward nurses through the character of Sairy Gamp,
Martin Chuzzllewit (1896)
character that cared for the sick by neglecting them, stealing
from them, and physically abusing them.
Sairy Gamp,
image of guardian angel or angel of mercy
Florence Nightingale.
She brought respectability to the nursing profession
Florence Nightingale.
She brought respectability to the nursing profession, nurses were viewed as:
Noble
Compassionate
Moral
Religious
Dedicated
Self-sacrificing
“Lady with the lamp”
Florence Nightingale (1820-1910)
Florence Nightingale’s years
1820-1910
Clara Barton’s years
1821-1912
Linda Richards’ years
1841-1930
Mary Mahoney’s years
1845-1926
Lilian Wald’s years
1867-1940
Lavinia L. Dock’s years
(1858-1956)
Margarett Higgins Sanger’s years
(1879-1966)
Mary Breckinridge’s years
(1881-1965)
Steve Miller year
(1971)
Luther Christman year
(1974)
First to nurse to exert political pressure on government
Florence Nightingale
1st scientist-theorist
Florence Nightingale
called by God to help others and improve the well-being of mankind
Florence Nightingale
personalized and holistic client care
Florence Nightingale
First nurse researcher
Florence Nightingale
Schoolteacher, volunteered as aa nurse during American Civil War
Clara Barton
organize the nursing services
Clara Barton
Established American Red Cross
Clara Barton
America’s first trained nurse
Linda Richards
introducing nurse’s notes and doctor’s notes
Linda Richards
Initiated nurses wearing uniforms
Linda Richards
pioneering work in psychiatric and industrial nursing
Linda Richards
1st African American professional nurse
Mary Mahoney
acceptance of African American and for the promotion of equal
opportunities.
Mary Mahoney
Founder of public health nursing
Lilian Wald
offer trained nursing services to the poor in New York slums with Mary Brewster
Lilian Wald
Provided nursing services, social services, and organized educational and cultural activities
Lilian Wald
Lilian Wald offer trained nursing services to the poor in the New York slums with
Mary Brewster
Participated in protest
movements for women’s rights that resulted in 1920 passage of the the 19th Amendment to the US Constitution
Lavinia L. Dock
constitution that granted women the right to vote.
19th Amendment to the US Constitution
Campaigned for legislation to allow nurses to control their profession
Lavinia L. Dock
public health nurse
Margarett Higgins Sanger
imprisoned for opening the first birth control information clinic
Margarett Higgins Sanger
Founder of Planned Parenthood
Margarett Higgins Sanger
Notable pioneer nurse that established the Frontier Nursing Service
Mary Breckinridge
In 1918, she worked with the American Committee for Devastated France, to distribute food, clothing, and
supplies and taking care of sick children
Mary Breckinridge
Started one of the first midwifery training schools
Mary Breckinridge
_______ nurses were denied admission to the Military Nurse Corps during World War II
Male nurses
During 20th century, they were denied admission to most nursing programs
men
Male nurse in Michigan, formed Men in Nursing.
Steve Miller
Organized a group of male nurses in Chicago
Luther Christman
American Assembly for men in Nursing (AAMN) year
1981
organized group made by Miller and Christman
American Assembly for men in Nursing (AAMN)
to provide a framework for nurses, to meet to discuss and influence factors that affect men as nurses.
American Assembly for men in Nursing (AAMN)
dean at a university
Luther Christman
be nominated for president of the ANA
Luther Christman
Named the “Living Legend”
Luther Christman
inducted into ANA’s Hall of Fame
Luther Christman
formalized experiences to enhance the knowledge or skills
Continuing Education
Inform nurses of new techniques and knowledge
Continuing Education
Help nurses attain expertise in a specialized area of practice,
Continuing Education
Provide nurses with information essential to nursing practice like knowledge about legal and ethical aspects
Continuing Education
Specific type of continuing education offered by an employer,
In – service Education
designed to upgrade the knowledge or skills and to validate continuing competence
In – service Education
Common nursing definitions
caring
an art
a science
client centered
holistic
adaptive
concerned with health promotion, maintenance, and restoration
helping profession
Recipients of Nursing
Consumer
Patient
Client
uses a service or commodity.
Consumer
waiting for or undergoing medical treatment and care
Patient
engages the advice or services
Client
3 types of clients:
individuals, families, and communities
4 areas of Nursing Practice:
Promoting Health and Wellness
Preventing Illness
Restoring Health
Caring for the dying
to maintain optimal health by preventing disease.
Preventing Illness
Activities include immunizations, prenatal and infant care, and prevention of STI
Preventing Illness
Focuses on the ill client,
early detection of disease through helping the client during the recovery period.