chap 1 Flashcards
law of effect
reward behaviour = behavior strengthens
overjustification effect
explaining your behaviour with more emphasis on situational factors than personal factors
psychology
scientific study of behaviour and mental processes
prosopagnosia
inability to recognise familiar faces due to brain damage (right side)
the man who mistook his wife for a hat book by?
oliver sacks
fundamental attribution error
when explaining others’ behaviour, we overestimate personality and underestimate situational factors (eg donating when many ppl are around u)
childhood amnesia duration
3yrs
cathartic effect (video games causing aggression)
reduces aggression as kids express it vicariously (get it outta their system) - LIE
what do u need to evaluate new claims abt psych
- already established psych facts
- standards for scientific evidence
father of medicine
hippocrates
physiology
study of the functions and parts of living organisms
Philosophers of ancient greece
Aristotle
Plato
Socrates
Father of Medicine
Hippocrates
Studying the functions and parts of living organisms
Physiology
Nature debate
Born with knowledge and understanding of reality
Descartes (17th century) supported which view (nature nurture) and compared humans to what
Supported the nature view
Thinks the body is a machine
Nurture view
Knowledge is acquired thru experience and interactions
Blank slate
(tabula rasa) john Locke. Supports the nurture view
Ideas and association
Ideas enter thru senses and become associated thru principles like similarity and contrast
First psychological lab
By wilhelm wundt
In germany
At the university of Leipzig
1879
Wundt relied on
Introspection (dumb)
Structuralism
Analysis of mental structures
Functionalism
Studying how the mind works to enable an organism to adapt to and function in its environment
Theory of evolution by
Charles darwin
Behaviourism by
John watson
Behaviourism: US :: Gestalt psychology:?, psychoanalysis :?
Germany, .. europe
Gestalt means
Form/configuration
Gestalt by
Max, Kurt, wolfgang
psychoanalysis by
freud
what is psychoanalysis
unconscious ..freud used free association
syntactic structures book by, abt
noam chomsky, psycholinguistics
order of evol of psych
structuralism, functionalism, behaviourism, gestalt psych, pyschoanalysis, information processing theory, psycholinguistics, neuropsychology
structuralism by
titchener
punchimg someone who insults u.
behaviourist persp, biological, subjective, psychoanalytic, cognitive persp
behav - response to stimulus
bio - brain, nerves, muscles
subj - u took the insult personally and reacted
psychoananalatic - shows ur secretly agressive
cog - punched to defend your honour and aggression is a part of your plan
depression is?
abnormal change in the level of neurotransmitters
memories. which brain part
hippocampus
childhood amnesia due to
immature hippocampus
childhood amnesia due to
immature hippocampus
cognitive psychology
reasoning, planning, percieving, deciding, prob solving, etc
psychoanalysis..assumption?
behaviour depends on unconscious processes
acc to freud, aggressive behaviour stems from?
innate instinct
reductionism
reducing psychological notions to biological ones
biological psychologists aka
physiological psychologists
biological psychologists do what
look for the relation bw biological processes and behaviour
experimental psychologists conduct research from a ————- perspective.
behaviourist and cognitive
. they study how animals and ppl react to stimuli, percieve, learn, remember, reason and respond emotionallu
experimental psychologists
they study factors that affect behaviour from birth to old age. might study a specific ability like language or a particular period like infancy
developmental psych
they study a person’s style of interacting with the world
personality psych
they study how behaviour and emotions are influenced by real or imagined presence of others
social psychologists
they apply psychological principles to the diagnosis and treatment of emotional and behavioural probs
clinical psych
they do research onn teaching methods and train teachers
educational psychologists
they work with children to evaluate learning and emotional probs
school psych
hypothesis
a statement that can be tested
an interrelated set of propositions abt a particular phenomenon
scientific theory
scientific data is data that is —- and ——–
reliable and unbiased
control grp? (experiments)
hypothesized cause isnt present
during experiments, participants shld be allowed to choose their grp. t or f
falsee. there should be random assignment
experiments can be done outside the lab?
yes. cuz theyre dependent on logic not location
positively correlated vs negatively correlated
positive- 2 variables are directly proportionate. negative - inversely prop
correlation values …
0 - 0.2 : not very useful
0.2 - 0.6 : useful
0.6 or more - v high
1- perfect correlation
correlation doesnt always imply causation. t or f
t
scholarly summary of the existing body of research on a given topic
literature review
review type where stats used to draw conclusions abt prev studies
meta analysis
review where words are used to to describe prev studies and discuss the strength of the available psych evidence
narrative review
type of review done by students in colleges
narrative review
apa stands for
american psychological association
debriefing
participants are told after the experiment why certain things were kept secret from them. their emotions shpuld be dealt with by the researchers
ethics [research w humans]
minimal risk
informed consent (debriefing)
right to privacy
Basic unit of nervous system
neuron
neurons rcv chemical signals on branches called
dendrites
neurons transmit down the
axon
aristotle nature or nurture view
nurture
first woman awarded a phd in psych
margaret floy washburn
first psychological lab at india in, by, when
calcutta uni, nn sen gupta, 1916
who tries to read the personality by feeling the skulls of ppl
phrenologists
founder of individual psych
alfred adler
overt vs covert behaviours
observable [running] , in the head [thinking]
control commitment challenge are elemnts of
harding
the reluctant acceptance of something without protest.
acquiscence
3 major concepts of attitude change
balance
cognitive dissonance
2 step theory
which indian tradition helps develop self control
roza
The tendency to attribute one’s own positive actions to internal factors and negative actions to external factors is known as:
self serving bias
the discomfort a person feels when their behavior does not align with their values or beliefs.
cognitive dissonance
In ——- processing, we use our background knowledge and expectations to interpret what we see.
top down
in —- processing we allow the stimulus itself to shape our perception,
bottom up
