Chap 03 - Stress

Question 1

Definitions of stress

Answer 1

1. Response definition
2. Stimulus definition
3. Transactional (AKA “cognitive”) definition

Question 2

How does stress influence health?

Answer 2

1. Physiological effects
2. Health habits
3. Health services & disease management

Question 3

3 ways to define stress

Answer 3

1. Physiological response
2. Environmental stimulus
3. Person-Environment transaction

Question 4

Response deffinition of stress

Physiological response

Answer 4

Stress = psysiological response to unpleasent or threatning stimulus (stressors).

Varying stressors -> same pattern of physiological response

Question 5

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

Answer 5

The sequence of physiological reactions to prolonged and intense stress. The sequence consists of the alarm reaction, the stage of resistance, and the stage of exhaustion

Question 6

What are the 3 stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome?

Answer 6

1. Alarm
   - Initial shock
   - fight or flight response
   - Sympathetic Nervous System predominantely
   .( Adrenal gland -> epinephrine, norepinephrine)
   -Later, HPA is activated.
2. Resistance
   - Body adapts to stress
   - May show fewer outward signs of stress
   - Initial reaction of the Sympathetic Nervous System becomes less pronounced
   - Continued HPA activation
   .(hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal)
   .Release of cortisol (“stress hormone”)
3. Exaustion
   - Physical damage & desease
   - Prolonged physiological arousal produced by severe, long-term, or repeated stress is costly
   - It can weaken the immune system and deplete the body’s energy reserves