Changing Spaces Making Places (CSMP)

Question 1

What is a place?

Answer 1

a position in abstract space which can have meaning at a personal level (subjective) to at a social or cultural level (shared common meanings). At the heart of places are people as they live, work and play a space is changed into a place that conveys meaning and identity

Question 2

A number of characteristics that interact to make the identity of a place at a local scale:

Answer 2

physical geography, demography, socio economic, cultural, political, built environment

Question 3

how can we gather place knowledge broadly?

Answer 3

maps

Question 4

What is an example of demographic factors?

Answer 4

who lives there, age, gender, ethnic breakdown, who visits, who works there

Question 5

What is an example of socio economic factors affecting place identity?

Answer 5

employment levels, income, education, crime rates

Question 6

What is an example of cultural factors affecting place identity?

Answer 6

religion, local traditions, clubs

Question 7

What is an example of physical factors affecting place identity?

Answer 7

geology, altitude, rivers

Question 8

What is an example of built environment factors affecting place identity?

Answer 8

road patterns, age and style of buildings

Question 9

What is an example of political factors affecting place identity?

Answer 9

local MP, important issues to the area, housing and resident associations

Question 10

What are shifting flows in a place’s identity?

Answer 10

People (commuting, migration), Resources (natural, technology), Money and Investment (EU funding, TNCs), Ideas (knowledge economy)

Question 11

What is the case study to compare two contrasting localities?

Answer 11

Toxteth, Liverpool and Lympstone, East Devon

Question 12

What are the main natural characteristics of Lympstone?

Answer 12

On edge of Exe Estuary, Sw facing
occupies a small valley which cuts through red breccia cliffs which mark edge of the estuary
extensive tidal mudflats
small beach of pebbles and gravel

Question 13

What is the demography of Lympstone?

Answer 13

16.6 persons per hectare, top heavy age structure (area of retirement), 48 M and 51 F, 98% white

Question 14

What are the key socio economic factors at play in Lympstone?

Answer 14

63% of economically active population employed, 21% retired, 4% of people have very bad health, 14% aged 16 or over with no formal qualifications

Question 15

What are the key cultural factors in Lympstone?

Answer 15

largely christian society that run by christian calendar of easter and Christmas etc.

Question 16

Natural characteristics of Toxteth:

Answer 16

on the east bank of river Mersey. occupies undulating land. the mersey is fast flowing past toxteth as its channel narrows before passing into Liverpool

Question 17

Geography of toxteth:

Answer 17

87 persons per hectare, 19 times population fo Lympstone, 75% of residents aged between 16 and 64, 54% M and 46% F, greater ethnic diversity (white, black African Caribbean, mixed race, asian), large migrant population

Question 18

Socio economic factors at play in toxteth:

Answer 18

12% unemployed, 2% retired, larger percentage of females economically active, 54% with no access to car

Question 19

Religion in Toxteth:

Answer 19

cultural changes seen around time of major celebrations and festivals, large cultural and religious diversity

Question 20

Political factors at play in Lympstone:

Answer 20

has a parish council with 11 elected people serving on the local government body

Question 21

Political factors at play in Toxteth:

Answer 21

part of riverside ward, one of 30 wards making up Liverpool city council, each ward returns three councillors

Question 22

Built environment in Lympstone:

Answer 22

began to expand in 19th century in response to local fishing industries but remained a small village essentially. largely detached residences. the heart of the village has strict planning rules.

Question 23

Toxteth built environment:

Answer 23

mostly terraced housing, housing families of those employed in the docks. 90% terraced brick houses. urban and industrial.

Question 24

Past connections in Lympstone:

Answer 24

saxons established lympstone having forced out Celtic inhabitants, small port operating under administration of Exeter with coastal and cross channel links. kept strong ties with sea as ship building thrived into 19th century. estuary was used for fishing. tourism began in 1840s seeing Lympstone attract number of wealthy families. railway in 1861 improved connectivity.

Question 25

Shifting flows of people in Lympstone:

Answer 25

exeter uni has drawn people due to increased tertiary employment

Question 26

Shifting flows of resources in Lympstone:

Answer 26

met office moved to Exeter in 2003. at the time largest movement of IT equipment in Europe

Question 27

Shifting flows of ideas in Lympstone:

Answer 27

knowledge economy has had positive effect due to Exeter uni

Question 28

Shifting flows of people in toxteth:

Answer 28

toxteth riots caused serious civil disturbances due to large numbers of unemployment in 1981

Question 29

Shifting flows of resources in toxteth:

Answer 29

europe’s largest offshore wind farm is in Liverpool bay

Question 30

Shifting flows of money in toxteth:

Answer 30

attempts have been made to make toxteth a thriving place (opening art galleries), EU funding to regenerate Liverpool’s profile

Question 31

Shifting flows of ideas in toxteth:

Answer 31

liverpool science park opened in 2003

Question 32

Past connections in toxteth:

Answer 32

started as royal hunting forest in 16th century, copper works began in 18th century giving city urban nature. soon river banks filled with docks. residential developments occurred hand in hand with industry. became attractive Greenfield site. demands increases and housing became low quality. transport improved

Question 33

What is a diaspora?

Answer 33

A population of a country who may have migrated abroad and keep strong identity ties and have strong emotional attachment to their homeland.

Question 34

More Chinese people live outside inland China than …..

Answer 34

French people live in france

Question 35

Why is perception place complex?

Answer 35

as we do not see the world around us in the same way as others

Question 36

Who are the Kurds:

Answer 36

an ethnic group spread across multiple Middle Eastern countries. it is known as Kurdistan and has between 28-30 million Kurds with another 2-3 million living in diasporas. Kurds want their own independent state but have suffered conflict with Turkish police

Question 37

Formal representations:

Answer 37

offer objective, rational perspectives of a place profile, such as the number of people living in a place

Question 38

Informal representations:

Answer 38

offer subjective views a place. they mean different things to different people in different times and different places

Question 39

Formal agencies:

Answer 39

more date about places is now being collected stored and analysed than has ever been. agencies can be political social or cultural. Can be censuses, geospatial data, and in a way news articles should be formal but can lean towards informal.

Question 40

Why is census important for government planning?

Answer 40

for planning: education services, healthcare services, infrastructure, housing, tackling crime

Question 41

The influence of media in our perception of place:

Answer 41

television, TV soaps, books, music, blogs, films, social media, art, graffiti

Question 42

What are three advantages of forma representations?

Answer 42

more objective because they are based on data that is harder to doubt.
censuses for example cover all places and the majority of people whilst informal only covers a select few.
easier to draw comparisons between data points

Question 43

Four disadvantages of informal representations:

Answer 43

only represent a place at a specific point in time
often designed to achieve artistic goal
subjective and open to interpretation
difficult to draw comparisons
some places can become synonymous with an informal representation

Question 44

What are six ways in which globalisation manifests itself in 2021?

Answer 44

migration, spread of ideas, technology, trade, transport, culture

Question 45

What is time space compression?

Answer 45

reduction of friction of distance, a set of processes leading to a shrinking world caused by reductions in the relative distance between places

Question 46

What are 5 factors influencing perception of place?

Answer 46

Age, gender, sexuality, religion, role

Question 47

How can age affect place perception?

Answer 47

People’s perceptions change as they move through their life cycle. Such moves are commonly associated with changes to income of family size. Younger people who may have just left home will have a low income. Age will determine whether people live close to city centre with lots of transport links or if they live in the suburbs where it’s more quiet.

Question 48

how can gender affect place perception?

Answer 48

Traditionally many places have been defined as being male or female. There is a stereotypical image of a woman’s place being in the house. the female private place of home contrasted with he public space of men (i.e. at football matches majority of crowd is male). However this has changed greatly. Now a more important factor is safety and the geography of fear which can alter place perception.

Question 49

How does sexuality affect place perception?

Answer 49

sexuality can influence the way in which people use places. as the acceptance of different sexual orientations becomes more widespread, some places acquire a meaning because they are where LGBTQ people cluster. i.e. Brighton. people cluster together because of a sense of community. there is an economic aspect to the emergence of places defined on the basis of sexuality through LGBT tourism and the ‘pink’ pound which is helping with regeneration.

Question 50

How does religion affect place perception?

Answer 50

people have given locations spiritual meaning for millennia. through buildings especially. also through the building of places of worship which can change the built environment a place. For example Jerusalem as the place of Jesus’ crucifixion has a large spiritual identity behind it. a lot of religious places can be seen as places of refuge, peace and healing.

Question 51

How does role affect place perception?

Answer 51

as we go through life we can gain or lose rolls each of which can alter our perception of things and alter the things we look for in a place.

Question 52

What is an example of a place that has a temporal shift in its meaning?

Answer 52

Glastonbury changes over the summer into the home of Glastonbury festival to just a regular park although the former meaning may be most dominant for many.

Question 53

What is the main idea of influence of emotional attachment on place identity?

Answer 53

Memory is a personal thing which can alter place perception. Positive experiences tend to give us a strong connection to a place and vice versa. We receive memories as a group sometimes. Recall team’s sports grounds where fans may have had shared experiences. Or diasporas, people still have a very strong connection to their homeland