Changing places Flashcards
What 3 ways do we define a place?
- Location
- Locale
- Sense of place
What is location?
Where the place is
What is locale?
The way people affect the setting
Place is shaped by people, cultures and customs within it
What is sense of place?
Subjective and emotional attachment, different through different people
What is placemaking?
Deliberate shaping of environment to facilitate (make easier) social interaction and community’s quality of life
What are the 3 theoretical approaches to place?
- A descriptive approach
- A social constructionist approach
- A phenomenological approach
What is a descriptive approach?
Idea the world is a set place and each place can be studied and is distinct
What is a social construction approach?
Sees a place as a product of a particular set of social processes occurring at a particular time (Trafalgar Square built to commemorate as British naval victory)
What is a phenomenological approach?
How an individual experience a place, relationship between person and place (topohilia)
What is the location of Glastonbury?
In Somerset, 23 miles south of Bristol
What is the locale of Glastonbury?
- It has its own unique character
- Has Glastonbury Abbey and Glastonbury Tor
What is the sense of place in Glastonbury?
- Great spiritual importance
- Interested in paganism, religious and connection to King Arthur
- Evokes emotion during festival
Define perception of a place
Way in which a place is viewed or regarded by people
What can the perception of a place be influenced by?
- Personal experience
- Media representation
What are the 3 ways identity can be scaled on?
- Localism
- Regionalism
- Nationalism
What is localism?
- Affection for particular place
- nimbyism (not in my back yard),
- Rare political sense
- Reluctant to have local area affected by development
What is regionalism?
Loyalty to distinct region with population that shares similarities
What is nationalism?
- Loyalty and devotion to a nation
- Creates a sense of national consciousness
- Patriotism
What is a ‘global sense of place’?
- Places are dynamic
- Multiple identities
- No boundaries
- Linking a place to places beyond
What has globalisation done to place?
Made place less important
How has globalisation reduced different sense of place?
Produced identical or homogenised places which erodes local culture
What 2 terms describes places becoming similar?
- Clone town
- Placelessness
Where has resistance to globalization been seen?
Anti-costa campaigns in Totnes, Devon 2012
What term describes MNCs adapting to local market?
Glocalisation
Give an example of an MNC adapting to different places?
Mcdonalds
- No pork in Muslim countries
- No beef in Hindu countries
- More McCafes in coffee culture areas
What 6 factors affect our sense of belonging?
- Age
- Gender
- Sexuality
- Socio-economic status
- Religion
- Level of education
What effect has globalisation and migration had on ethnic diversity?
Increase ethnic and racial diversity
What strategy has been used to increase localisation?
Introduced local currency
What is belonging?
To be part of the community
What is an insider perspective?
Someone familiar with a place and feels welcome
What is an outsider perspective?
Feels unwelcome or excluded from a place
What term refers to the factors that influence how we perceive a place?
Positionality
What group of people are usually considered outsiders?
Migrants
What are thoughts made about migrants?
- Negative terminology, protect ‘our place’ and ‘our culture’
- Bad media coverage
What are the categories of place?
- Near and far places
- Experienced place and media place
What does near and far places refer to?
- Geographical distance
- Emotional connection
What are experienced places?
Person has spent time in
What are media places?
Person has read about or seen on film
What is the problem with media places?
Give stereotypical views, give places positive or negative image
What is the character of a place?
Human and physical features that help to distinguish it from another place
What are endogenous factors?
Refers to characteristics of the place
What are exogenous factors?
Refers to relationship of one place with other places and the external factors
What factors can affect place over time?
- Economic factors
- Migration
- Terrorism
- Natural disaster
- Climate change
What is meaning and representation of a place?
Meaning - relates to individual or collective perception of place
Representation - how a place is seen in society
How does meaning and representation vary?
- Changes over time
- Between different people
What is place-memory?
Refers to the ability of place to make the past come to life in the present
What is perception of a place?
Developed by what people have heard or read about a place
What 3 strategies have been in place to help manage perception of place and attract investment?
- Place marketing
- Rebranding
- Reimaging
What is place marketing?
Marketing and publications companies employed by governments to create a positive perception of place
What is an example of place marketing?
Weston-Super-Mare, Somerset
How did place marketing help Weston-Super-Mare?
- Weston-Super-Mare logo
- Website and newsletter
- Social media, Facebook
- Western winter wonderland (festive attraction)
What is rebranding?
- Disguards negative perception
- Make place more desirable to LIVE
What are the problems of rebranding?
- Locals want to protect their local distinctiveness
- Rising property prices
What is re-imaging?
- Change pre existing image
- Generate new positive feeling to that place
Give an example of a place that has reimaging
Liverpool
- Industrialisation in 80s/90s
- Riots occurred, projects set up to get back industrial heritage
What are corporate bodies?
Organisation of group of people identified by a particular name e.g businesses, government agencies
How do corporate bodies manage representations and perceptions of place?
They sell place to potential visitors by making it more desirable
How do corporate bodies promote an area?
- Websites
- Slogans/logos
- Posters
What role do local groups play in re-imaging and rebranding?
Take active role through there insider experience to produces schemes to attract people
What is an objective opinion?
Not influenced by feelings or opinion when taking facts
What 2 ways can you use to investigate a place?
Quantitative and qualitative data
What are negatives of statistics in representing a place?
- Tells little about human experience
- Can be subjective (choosing where to collect data)
What is counter mapping?
Bottom-up process of which people produce their own maps
What are the different ways a place be represented?
- Statistics
- Maps
- Interviews
- Photos
- Poetry
- Tv/film
- Art
- Graffiti
- Place/infrastructure
What are positives of interviews in representing a place?
First hand ‘insider view’
What are negatives of interviews in representing a place?
Interviewer bias, set up by leading questions
What are negatives of photographs in representing a place?
- Photoshop
- Selective in what they show
What are positives of poetry in representing a place?
Enables reader to sense and imagine what it’s like to be there
What are negative of mapping in representing a place?
May give false reality
What positive effect does TV/film have on representing a place?
Shows landscape which viewers see and will want to visit the place
What negative effect does TV/film have on representing a place?
May represented badly on show will attract less visitors
What is a negative effect does art on representing a place?
- Pastoral fantasies
- Less reliable than photos
What is a positive effect does art on representing a place?
Show deeper understanding of a place
What negative effect does infrastructure have on representing a place?
Gentrification (improvement in area where locals can’t afford new homes)
What is a positive effect does infrastructure have on representing a place?
- Redevelopment
- Rebranding
What is digital or ‘augmented place’?
Rise in technology like GIS that effects our sense of place
Give example of where digital or ‘augmented place’ is used
- Police, links between crime and place
- Business, find shopping habits and where customers live
Name 3 places that have experienced change
- Bournville village, Birmingham
- Devonport, Plymouth
- Medellin, Colombia
How has Bournville village been affected by cadbury?
- Services set up as part of Bournville village trust
- Thriving community
Why did cadbury move to Bournville village?
Ample space for construction of:
- tree-lined roads
- housing for employees
How has Devonport, Plymouth changed over time?
- Fastest growing naval dockyard in 18th century
- Declined in 20th century, jobs declined
- Improved in 21st century from New Deal, redeveloped
How has Medellin, Colombia changed over time?
- Was renowned for crime, poverty and unemployment
- Now a model for urban regeneration, mix class systems and social schemes set up
What are the 2 representation of Belfast?
- Complex political system
- Economy powerhouse
What has the economy been like in Belfast?
- Suffered from ‘troubles’
- Undergone economic growth
- Holds big companies e.g Citi, Microsoft
- Massive increase in tourism
What is the complex political system of Belfast?
- Religious segregation
- Peace walls and political parades
- Struggling to move on from arguments in past
Define topophilia
Affective bond between place and person through experience
