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Human Geography > Changing places > Flashcards

Changing places Flashcards

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1
Q

What 3 ways do we define a place?

A
  • Location
  • Locale
  • Sense of place
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2
Q

What is location?

A

Where the place is

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3
Q

What is locale?

A

The way people affect the setting

Place is shaped by people, cultures and customs within it

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4
Q

What is sense of place?

A

Subjective and emotional attachment, different through different people

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5
Q

What is placemaking?

A

Deliberate shaping of environment to facilitate (make easier) social interaction and community’s quality of life

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6
Q

What are the 3 theoretical approaches to place?

A
  • A descriptive approach
  • A social constructionist approach
  • A phenomenological approach
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7
Q

What is a descriptive approach?

A

Idea the world is a set place and each place can be studied and is distinct

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8
Q

What is a social construction approach?

A

Sees a place as a product of a particular set of social processes occurring at a particular time (Trafalgar Square built to commemorate as British naval victory)

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9
Q

What is a phenomenological approach?

A

How an individual experience a place, relationship between person and place (topohilia)

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10
Q

What is the location of Glastonbury?

A

In Somerset, 23 miles south of Bristol

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11
Q

What is the locale of Glastonbury?

A
  • It has its own unique character

- Has Glastonbury Abbey and Glastonbury Tor

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12
Q

What is the sense of place in Glastonbury?

A
  • Great spiritual importance
  • Interested in paganism, religious and connection to King Arthur
  • Evokes emotion during festival
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13
Q

Define perception of a place

A

Way in which a place is viewed or regarded by people

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14
Q

What can the perception of a place be influenced by?

A
  • Personal experience

- Media representation

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15
Q

What are the 3 ways identity can be scaled on?

A
  • Localism
  • Regionalism
  • Nationalism
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16
Q

What is localism?

A
  • Affection for particular place
  • nimbyism (not in my back yard),
  • Rare political sense
  • Reluctant to have local area affected by development
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17
Q

What is regionalism?

A

Loyalty to distinct region with population that shares similarities

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18
Q

What is nationalism?

A
  • Loyalty and devotion to a nation
  • Creates a sense of national consciousness
  • Patriotism
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19
Q

What is a ‘global sense of place’?

A
  • Places are dynamic
  • Multiple identities
  • No boundaries
  • Linking a place to places beyond
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20
Q

What has globalisation done to place?

A

Made place less important

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21
Q

How has globalisation reduced different sense of place?

A

Produced identical or homogenised places which erodes local culture

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22
Q

What 2 terms describes places becoming similar?

A
  • Clone town

- Placelessness

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23
Q

Where has resistance to globalization been seen?

A

Anti-costa campaigns in Totnes, Devon 2012

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24
Q

What term describes MNCs adapting to local market?

A

Glocalisation

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25
Q

Give an example of an MNC adapting to different places?

A

Mcdonalds

  • No pork in Muslim countries
  • No beef in Hindu countries
  • More McCafes in coffee culture areas
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26
Q

What 6 factors affect our sense of belonging?

A
  • Age
  • Gender
  • Sexuality
  • Socio-economic status
  • Religion
  • Level of education
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27
Q

What effect has globalisation and migration had on ethnic diversity?

A

Increase ethnic and racial diversity

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28
Q

What strategy has been used to increase localisation?

A

Introduced local currency

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29
Q

What is belonging?

A

To be part of the community

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30
Q

What is an insider perspective?

A

Someone familiar with a place and feels welcome

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31
Q

What is an outsider perspective?

A

Feels unwelcome or excluded from a place

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32
Q

What term refers to the factors that influence how we perceive a place?

A

Positionality

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33
Q

What group of people are usually considered outsiders?

A

Migrants

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34
Q

What are thoughts made about migrants?

A
  • Negative terminology, protect ‘our place’ and ‘our culture’
  • Bad media coverage
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35
Q

What are the categories of place?

A
  • Near and far places

- Experienced place and media place

36
Q

What does near and far places refer to?

A
  • Geographical distance

- Emotional connection

37
Q

What are experienced places?

A

Person has spent time in

38
Q

What are media places?

A

Person has read about or seen on film

39
Q

What is the problem with media places?

A

Give stereotypical views, give places positive or negative image

40
Q

What is the character of a place?

A

Human and physical features that help to distinguish it from another place

41
Q

What are endogenous factors?

A

Refers to characteristics of the place

42
Q

What are exogenous factors?

A

Refers to relationship of one place with other places and the external factors

43
Q

What factors can affect place over time?

A
  • Economic factors
  • Migration
  • Terrorism
  • Natural disaster
  • Climate change
44
Q

What is meaning and representation of a place?

A

Meaning - relates to individual or collective perception of place
Representation - how a place is seen in society

45
Q

How does meaning and representation vary?

A
  • Changes over time

- Between different people

46
Q

What is place-memory?

A

Refers to the ability of place to make the past come to life in the present

47
Q

What is perception of a place?

A

Developed by what people have heard or read about a place

48
Q

What 3 strategies have been in place to help manage perception of place and attract investment?

A
  • Place marketing
  • Rebranding
  • Reimaging
49
Q

What is place marketing?

A

Marketing and publications companies employed by governments to create a positive perception of place

50
Q

What is an example of place marketing?

A

Weston-Super-Mare, Somerset

51
Q

How did place marketing help Weston-Super-Mare?

A
  • Weston-Super-Mare logo
  • Website and newsletter
  • Social media, Facebook
  • Western winter wonderland (festive attraction)
52
Q

What is rebranding?

A
  • Disguards negative perception

- Make place more desirable to LIVE

53
Q

What are the problems of rebranding?

A
  • Locals want to protect their local distinctiveness

- Rising property prices

54
Q

What is re-imaging?

A
  • Change pre existing image

- Generate new positive feeling to that place

55
Q

Give an example of a place that has reimaging

A

Liverpool

  • Industrialisation in 80s/90s
  • Riots occurred, projects set up to get back industrial heritage
56
Q

What are corporate bodies?

A

Organisation of group of people identified by a particular name e.g businesses, government agencies

57
Q

How do corporate bodies manage representations and perceptions of place?

A

They sell place to potential visitors by making it more desirable

58
Q

How do corporate bodies promote an area?

A
  • Websites
  • Slogans/logos
  • Posters
59
Q

What role do local groups play in re-imaging and rebranding?

A

Take active role through there insider experience to produces schemes to attract people

60
Q

What is an objective opinion?

A

Not influenced by feelings or opinion when taking facts

61
Q

What 2 ways can you use to investigate a place?

A

Quantitative and qualitative data

62
Q

What are negatives of statistics in representing a place?

A
  • Tells little about human experience

- Can be subjective (choosing where to collect data)

63
Q

What is counter mapping?

A

Bottom-up process of which people produce their own maps

64
Q

What are the different ways a place be represented?

A
  • Statistics
  • Maps
  • Interviews
  • Photos
  • Poetry
  • Tv/film
  • Art
  • Graffiti
  • Place/infrastructure
65
Q

What are positives of interviews in representing a place?

A

First hand ‘insider view’

66
Q

What are negatives of interviews in representing a place?

A

Interviewer bias, set up by leading questions

67
Q

What are negatives of photographs in representing a place?

A
  • Photoshop

- Selective in what they show

68
Q

What are positives of poetry in representing a place?

A

Enables reader to sense and imagine what it’s like to be there

69
Q

What are negative of mapping in representing a place?

A

May give false reality

70
Q

What positive effect does TV/film have on representing a place?

A

Shows landscape which viewers see and will want to visit the place

71
Q

What negative effect does TV/film have on representing a place?

A

May represented badly on show will attract less visitors

72
Q

What is a negative effect does art on representing a place?

A
  • Pastoral fantasies

- Less reliable than photos

73
Q

What is a positive effect does art on representing a place?

A

Show deeper understanding of a place

74
Q

What negative effect does infrastructure have on representing a place?

A

Gentrification (improvement in area where locals can’t afford new homes)

75
Q

What is a positive effect does infrastructure have on representing a place?

A
  • Redevelopment

- Rebranding

76
Q

What is digital or ‘augmented place’?

A

Rise in technology like GIS that effects our sense of place

77
Q

Give example of where digital or ‘augmented place’ is used

A
  • Police, links between crime and place

- Business, find shopping habits and where customers live

78
Q

Name 3 places that have experienced change

A
  • Bournville village, Birmingham
  • Devonport, Plymouth
  • Medellin, Colombia
79
Q

How has Bournville village been affected by cadbury?

A
  • Services set up as part of Bournville village trust

- Thriving community

80
Q

Why did cadbury move to Bournville village?

A

Ample space for construction of:

  • tree-lined roads
  • housing for employees
81
Q

How has Devonport, Plymouth changed over time?

A
  • Fastest growing naval dockyard in 18th century
  • Declined in 20th century, jobs declined
  • Improved in 21st century from New Deal, redeveloped
82
Q

How has Medellin, Colombia changed over time?

A
  • Was renowned for crime, poverty and unemployment

- Now a model for urban regeneration, mix class systems and social schemes set up

83
Q

What are the 2 representation of Belfast?

A
  • Complex political system

- Economy powerhouse

84
Q

What has the economy been like in Belfast?

A
  • Suffered from ‘troubles’
  • Undergone economic growth
  • Holds big companies e.g Citi, Microsoft
  • Massive increase in tourism
85
Q

What is the complex political system of Belfast?

A
  • Religious segregation
  • Peace walls and political parades
  • Struggling to move on from arguments in past
86
Q

Define topophilia

A

Affective bond between place and person through experience

Human Geography (6 decks)

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