changing places Flashcards
what is a space
an area with no meaning
what is a place
a space with a meaning
what is placenessness
a place can be anywhere due to its lack of uniqueness
what factors affect our attachment to a place
family, gender, age, friends, ethnicity, interests, past experiences, education, religion
what are insiders
people who feel like they belong in a certain place and that is their home
what are outsiders
people who feel out of place in a certain place and that they don’t belong
what is a far place
a place that is unknown due to being far away
what is a media place
a place that you have experienced virtually or through other people’s perception
what is topophobia
when someone has a fear of a place
what is counter urbanisation
movement out of a city into rural areas
what is topophilia
when someone feels love towards a place
what is homogenisation
when two places become similar so they become indistinguishable
what is an experienced place
a place you have been to so know it well
what is a clone town
a town where the high street is dominated by TNCs
what are gated communities
people who choose to exclude themselves from society and be an outsider
give some examples of social exclusion groups
ethnic minorities
homeless
gypsies/travellers
age
disabled
immigrants
LGBT communities
where do immigrant communities tend to live
urban areas
what is the frictional effect of distance
states that places near to eachother have a greater interaction
what are typical characteristics of a rural community
inward looking, idyllic community, based on kinship and supported by subsidence agriculture
what are typical characteristics of an urban community
ever changing nature of large, cosmopolitan commercial cities where it is hectic and stressful
why are places becoming indistinguishable
transport and communication means that far apart places have been brought together. shopping centres, fast food chains, airports and hotels
what is the genius loci
the spirit of a place
DHARAVI
how is India represented in Slumdog Millionare
happy
joyful
no issues
full of life
DHARAVI
how is India represented in The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel
romantic
no issues
colourful
vibrant
interesting culture
what is the reality of DHARAVI
strong sense of community
low quality of life (disease, bad working conditions, lots of rubbish)
80% of stuff is recycled
lack of personal space (lots of people live in one room)
what are examples of endogenous factors
land use, topography, physical geography, infrastructure, demographic characteristics, location, economic characteristics
what are examples of exogenous factors
people, resources, infrastructure, ideas, money, globalisation
migration within the EU
- between 2004-2009 1.5 million people migrated to the UK
- 2/3 of these immigrants were Polish
- improved economy of the UK
how has Burnley’s population changed
-Burnley population increased the most in 1890 due to rural to urban migration
-then the world wars happened and the population decreased
how has Burnley’s industry changed
-gradual decrease in manufacturing (textiles) industry
-increase in public services industry
-consumer services stayed the same
-increase in tertiary sector
what are the key factors explaining rural change
- changes in improvements in transport
- changes in increased standards of living
- changes in decreased size of households
who has moved into rural settlements
families
commuters
careerists
small scale entrepreneurs
self employed people
why have people moved to rural settlements
dissatisfaction with urban lifestyle
increase in car ownership
improved technology
improvement in transport
how have urban areas changed
cities have undergone dramatic transformations in their physical appearance, economy, social composition, governance, shape and size
why have places been homogenised
- improvements in ICT
- more international migration
- time space convergence
- desire of TNCs to reach new markets
- improvements in standards of living
- globalisation
what gives a place its identity
.firstspace - quantitative analysis of a place
.secondspace - qualitative data for how people feel about a place
.thirdspace - combination of quantitative and qualitative data for a place
history of liverpool
-grew in size to do with slave trade with africa
-first dock opened in 1715
-by 1800s large volumes of trade
-became known as ‘the new york of europe’
-suffered in the blitz
-docklands declined in 1950
-unemployment was one of the highest in the UK
-European capital of culture 2008
what are formal representations
-more objective and based on facts rather than feelings or emotions
-statistical representations of a place
-a census is taken every 10 years
what are informal representations
-art, TV, film, music and photography
-don’t show what actually exists - tend to be creative, selective and stylised
relationships and connections
-places are forced to change due to relationships and connections with people and other places
-economic rise and fall of British industrial cities
-resorts have changed due to more tourists
bourneville village, birmingham
-shaped by the Cadburys family
-no public housing but facilities were available for workers
-when cadburys went global the town barely changed
what is rebranding
giving a new image to part of the city to attract people back to the area
what is rebranding
giving a new image to part of the city to attract people back to the area
what is gentrification
when the status of an inner urban area which has become unfashionable and neglected is upgraded and the status is improved
what is regeneration
improving and investing in an area. may include demolishing old places to build new places
what are some advantages of gentrification
-housing is improved
-owners can sell houses for more as the value of them increases
-new businesses move to the area so new jobs
-less crime
what are some disadvantages of gentrification
-house prices go up- young people can’t afford it
-people rent instead of buying
liverpool one
-13 million people in the first year
-liverpool became one of the top 5 shopping destinations
-incorporates retail, leisure and offices
-regenerates 42 acres of underutilised land
albert dock
-increase of 100,000 visitors per week
-has trendy restaurants, bars, retail space, apartments and offices
-went through a 20 year regeneration
-dock closed in 1972
-turned into a leisure space in 1920
-originally opened in 1846
liverpool economy facts
- liverpool city region had 57m visitors in 2012
- in 2012 around 45,900 jobs were supported by visitor spending
successes of london docklands regeneration
-3500 housing units have been rebuilt or refurbished
-190,000 jobs created
failures of the london docklands regeneration
-lots of new unemployment
-lost money through purchase of the land
-local people became socially and physically isolated
employment in the london docklands regeneration
-financial and high tech firms were first to be attracted to the area
social successes of the london docklands regeneration
-over 20,000 new homes created
-more facilities built
-more security so crime decreases
social failures of the london docklands regeneration
-no jobs for locals as they don’t have the right skill sets
-locals can’t afford luxury flats so still live in poverty
economic successes of the london docklands regeneration
-more people are paying taxes so economy increases
-local businesses make profit
economic failures of the london docklands regeneration
-prices of basic foods went up so locals couldn’t afford it
political successes of the london docklands regeneration
-government spent £441 million on the docklands
-brought in multi national investment
political failures of the london docklands regeneration
-local councils didn’t decide the investment, the UDCs did
-no locals were interviewed about the development process
aims of the thames gateway 2004
-make london sustainable
location of the thames gateway 2004
-east london
-thames estuary
objectives of the thames gateway 2004
-120,000 new homes
-180,000 new jobs
-3,000 hectares of brownfield site
why did the thames gateway 2004 take place
- was large scale derelict sites with deprived communities
-close to economic heart of london
-more housing demand
location of salford, manchester
-NW england
-home to 200,000 people
causes of industrial growth in salford, manchester
-grew in industrial revolution
-lots of factories opened
-1890s a large dock area was built
-thousands of people employed in the docks
causes of industrial decline in salford, manchester
-1960s and 1970s modern ships couldn’t access the canal
-over 3,000 people lost their jobs
-docks closed in 1982
-local housing areas fell into disrepair
social growth in salford manchester
-new residential developments
-jobs for local people
-slum clearance
economic growth in salford manchester
-media city UK attracted 10,000 jobs to the area
-investment added £1billion to local economy
-new jobs for local people
infrastructure growth in salford manchester
-new homes
-new schools, colleges and universities
-new businesses and shops
-clean green spaces
case study - Detroit
-decrease in population 1.8 million to 600k
-used to have no competition but now there are loads of other car manufacturers
-less demand for workers so unemployment rates are high
-labelled as the crime capital of the USA
why does urban sprawl occur in poor countries
-fast population growth due to high birth rate - no contraception
-rural to urban migration as bad quality of life in rural areas
-people move to urban areas for employment
why does urban sprawl occur in rich countries
-increase in car ownership
-inner city is overcrowded so is deprived, polluted and congested
-large houses in suburbs where there’s more green spaces
what is suburbanisation
a movement of people and services away from the inner city to the edge of built up areas
advantages of greenfield sites
-no cost to clean up previous site
-no restrictions of space as there are no existing road networks
-more space available for gardens
-often on the edge of cities where land is cheaper
advantages of brownfield sites
-more sustainable
-road networks already exist
-easier to gain planning permission
-sites are closer to city centre for shopping and job opportunities
