Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

9GEO_S > Changing Places > Flashcards

Changing Places Flashcards

1
Q

Define Urbanisation

A

increase in proportion of people living in urban areas

movement of people from rural areas to large cities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the Replacement Rate? Number and what it means

A

2.11 = rate of babies per woman for population to stay the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the 0.11 extra in the replacement rate

A

0.11 is the percent that die in childbirth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do cities do for people

A
  1. bring people together
  2. connect ideas
  3. expand human knowledge
  4. allow for skill specialisation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define GDP

A

Gross Domestic Product
value of all the goods and services produced in an economy/country during a certain time period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

State the percentage of GDP generated by Cities

A

80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define the City Proper ((according to the UN))

A

A city according to an administrative boundary.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define an Urban Agglomeration ((according to the UN))

A

The city proper plus suburbs; the extent of the built-up area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define an Metropolitan Area according to the UN

A

An area defined by the degree of economic/social interconnectedness w/ neary areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the UN definition of a city

A

Places with at least 300 000 inhabitants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define Megacity

A

A city with more than 10 million inhabitents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define Spatial Distribution

A

how things are arranged on earth’s surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are 4 key components of spatial distribution in geography

A
  • resources
  • activities
  • human demographics
  • features of the landscape
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List the 3 Patterns of Spatial Distribution

A

A uniform distribution
A random distribution
A clustered distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define a Uniform Pattern of Spatial Distribution

A

when each data point is spaced within relatively equal distance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define a Random Pattern of Spatial Distribution

A

no direct correlation between data points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define a Clustered Pattern of Spatial Distribution

A

points that clearly related to each other and may not be exactly evenly spaced.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do Clustered patterns of spatial distribution show us?

A

shows people are coming together based on some shared experience.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define Internal Migration

A

the movement of people between different regions in the same country

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why does Internal Migration Occur

A

These migrants come in search of employment and education opportunities and a better standard of living.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define Pull Factors

A

Pull Factors: Factors that attract people to a new place.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define Push Factors

A

Push Factors: Factors that motivate people to leave their place of residence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Define Quality of life

A

the happiness, wellbeing and satisfaction of a person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How is Standard of living measured

A

measured in terms of a person’s possessions Eg. having a house, car and computer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
List the Social Advantages of Cities (3)
1. Access to Services 2. Cultural Enrichment 3. Social Interaction
26
Define Access to Services
Access to Services: schools, hospitals and other essential services such as water, electricity, communications such as internet & phone, public transport etc
27
Define Cultural Enrichment
Access to a wider range of products & services ((Includes non-essentials such as shopping, movies, art galleries, sports, entertainment events.))
28
Define Social Interraction
so many people to interact with opportunity for people to find a neighbourhood or community with a shared culture or value system.
29
List the Social Disadvantages of Cities
Social Disadvantages of Cities 1. Over-crowding 2. Rising cost of living 3. Waiting times for services 4. Higher Crime (unemployment) 5. Isolation
30
List the 3 things that are more expensive with a rising cost of living, + reason
1. Houses 2. Food 3. Utilities The result of more people competing for resources than can be supplied
31
Outline the Social Consequences of Urbanisation in China for Workers (3)
1. Employed in low-paid and dangerous jobs 2. long working hours, 6 or 7 days a week 3. cramped/poor housing
32
Outline the Hukou System
The Hukou system is a the Chinese residency permit system, where people are officially classified as rural or urban workers. It was put in place to stop mass-migration to cities from putting pressure on government services. While migrants can work in urban areas, they have to pay for government services.
33
Outline the affect the Hukou System has on families
The Hukou System effectively stops parents from taking their kids with them to the cities. This is because where you are born, you get free public services, but if you move, you have to pay for them, which is too expensive for most people
34
What impacts of cities on the environment
- enormous stress on the natural environments ((Eg. Land Cleared, Rivers diverted, Native flora and fauna becomes threatened)) - pollution: air, water and soil ((Factories, waste, transportation of people and products))
35
How many of the world's 10 most polluted cities are in China? What causes this? How many deaths result from this?
7/10 Caused by factories and cars 300 000 deaths each year due to air pollution
36
How many people in China don's have access to clean water
300 million
37
How many people drink water below WHO standards
700 million
38
What percentage of China's rivers and too polluted to fish from
80%
39
What are the economic benefits/advantages of cities for people (2)
access to employment and income access to infrastructure
40
What are the economic benefits/advantages of cities for companies (3)
Access to workers Access to a large customer base Access to transport links for trade
41
Define Infrastructure
Infrastructure refers to the basic facilities and installations that help a government or community run. Eg. roads, schools, hospitals, phone lines, sewage treatment plants, gas & electricity generation.
42
Outline the 4 economic benefits of urbanisation in china
2011 - China had world's second largest economy 2011 - Largest importer and exporter of goods in the world Significant decrease in people living in poverty Increase in number of urban residents generates economic activity, especially because they require housing
43
List 2 types of urban dynamics
Urban Consolidation Urban Sprawl
44
Define Urban Sprawl
The SPREADING OUT of a city and it's suburbs over more and more rural land
45
Define Urban Consolidation
The process of increasing or maintaining the density of housing in established residential areas. Often through densification, high rise development and urban renewal
46
Define Urban Settlement
large permanent settlement, build with a relatively dense population compared to it's hinterland
47
Define hinterland
Hinterland: The remote areas of a country away from the coast or the banks of major rivers.
48
Define Internal Migration
Internal Migration: The movement of an individual or group of people from one region of a country to another region of the same country
49
Where was the first Megacity and When
1950= 1 megacity --> NYC
50
How many megacities are there now
Now= 23 megacities
51
Where are most of the top 10 mega cities
Asia
52
How many of the top 10 megacities are in Asia
7 of the top 10 being in Asia
53
How is Sydney city measured
Sydney, Australia, is measured using its “metropolitan area”.
54
What percentage of cities are measured using their Urban Agglomeration
55%
55
What percentage of cities are defined using their city proper
35%
56
What percentage of cities are defined using their metropolitan areas
10%
57
How are Metropolitan Areas sometimes identified identified
by interlinked commerce or commuting patterns
58
____ of workers in China do not have contracts. This means that they cannot _______________
40% Can’t complain to government about poor working conditions, bullying, harassment, etc
59
___ of workers in China are entitled to a pension
21.3%
60
___ of workers in China get unemployment benefits
8.5%

9GEO_S (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions