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9GEO_S > Barangaroo and Pyremont > Flashcards

Barangaroo and Pyremont Flashcards

1
Q

Define Urbanisation

A

the migration of people from rural to urban areas

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2
Q

What was sydney’s economy initially based on

A

Trade from ports along the harbour

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3
Q

What is sydney’s economy now mostly based on

A

becoming predoinantly serviced based

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4
Q

How was sydney harbour initially used

A

as a trade route

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5
Q

How is sydney harbour seen today in terms of use

A

a tourist attraction and environmental asset

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6
Q

What makes Sydney a good place to live in - economy

A
  1. Education
  2. Job opportunities
  3. Product availability
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7
Q

What makes Sydney a good place to live in - Social

A
  1. Interconnectedness - Family, cultural groups
  2. Government/ Social Services
  3. Wide range of goods and services
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8
Q

What makes Sydney a good place to live in - Environmental

A

Climate is nice, moderate + beaches
safe/secure
aesthetic/pretty

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9
Q

Why was sydney cove chosen as the location for settlement?

A

because it had a small stream flowing into it with clean drinking water

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10
Q

What was the clean stream that runs to sydney cove called?

A

The Tank Stream

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11
Q

Why is The Tank Stream no longer fit for drinking use?

A

Because the area around it was used for agricultural and residential use, so pollutants ran down into the stream, making it no longer safe to drink

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12
Q

What is the evidence of a trade economy found in Sydney in 1888

A
  • Cargo Ships + railroads
  • Factories + warehouses
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13
Q

What factors contributed to the rapid expansion of Sydney’s urban fringe?

A

Lifestyle - people wanted more space (garden + pool)
Affordability - cheaper outside the city
Land was available

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14
Q

What are the consequences of Sydney’s growing population (3)

A

Pollution
Traffic
Pressure on public services

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15
Q

What are the geographic limitations to continuous urban sprawl in sydney (NESW + 1)?

A

North - river blocking easy expansion, though still settled
East - Ocean
South - Crunulla National Park
West - Blue mountains

Limitations of resources

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16
Q

Who bought the Pyremont Peninsula in 1799

A

John Macarthur

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17
Q

When did John Macarthur buy the Pyrmont Peninsula?

A

1799

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18
Q

How much did John Macarthur buy the pyrement peninsula for in 1799?

A

A gallon of rum

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19
Q

What made Pyrmont suitable for industrial use? (2)

A

Deep water access
proximity to the city

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20
Q

What were historically the pull factors of Pyrmont before urban decay occured?

A

Employment opportunities in factories and warehouses

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21
Q

What is Urban Decay?

A

The process where a previously functioning city or part of the city, gradually runs down or falls into disrepair

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22
Q

What were some signs of Urban Decay in Pyrmont?

A
  1. Abandoned and vandalised buildings + Boarded-up shops
  2. Unused port and transport infrastructure
  3. Overgrown, rubble strewn lots where factories had been bulldozed
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23
Q

Why did Urban Decay occur in Pyrmont?

A

the factories and warehouses and shipping companies that gave people work and brought people to Pyrmont had closed, and that caused to people/workers to drift away.

Houses, railways and wharfs left behind also deteriorated.

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24
Q

What type of people lived in Pyrmont before it experienced urban decay?

A

Blue collar workers
* people working in factories and shipping

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25
Q

In what year was Pyrmont’s population the lowest?
What was Pyrmont’s smallest population?
What caused people to leave Pyremont?

A

1990
900
There were way less people needed for the shipping industry.

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26
Q

Why were there less people needed later in the 20th century at Pyrmont?

A

because during ww2, better technology, like shipping containers, were invented, and less people were needed to work on ships

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27
Q

What is urban renewal?

A

the upgrading of parts of a city through redevelopment

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28
Q

when did the redevelopment of Pyrmont start?

A

1988

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29
Q

what is urban consolidation

A
  • increasing population densities
  • occurs in older inner-city areas where existing infrastructure is under utilised
  • policy is designed to slow urban sprawl
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30
Q

What is gentrification?

A
  • when run down urban properties are refurbished by mid to high income earners
  • improves value of property
  • displaces lower-income families + small businesses
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31
Q

what signs around Pyrmont indicate urban consolidation

A

the many high rise apartment buildings

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32
Q

What is gentrification driven by?

A

desire for accessibility to employment, recreation and entertainment - in and near the CBD
* evident in areas around Pyrmont

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33
Q

what percentage of private dwellings in Pyrmont are in apartments

A

92%

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34
Q

what factory was set up in 1875 in Pyrmont

A

CSR factory

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35
Q

what was the boiler room in Pyrmont? what did it do?

A

coal fired power plant
old-style power generator
fossil fuel generator

36
Q

what was the cooperage in Pyrmont? what happened there?

A

metal works - specific to metal rings that went around barrels of rum

37
Q

What was the distillery in Pyrmont? what happened there? what was it like?

A

rum distillery
distilled sugar into rum
like a science lab on a large scale

38
Q

what is the current use of the boiler room in Pyrmont?

A
  • Commercial space on bottom - restaurant
  • Residential space on top - multi-story apartment building
  • original facade on the lower part with large industrial-style windows, high ceilings
  • additional levels added - part of residential space
39
Q

what factors caused the boiler room to change into a residential/commercial space

A

Residential
* beautiful water views
* high ceilings
* spacious apartments

Commercial
* lots of foot traffic = more customers
* people from apartments would go to the restaurant/cafe

40
Q

what is the urban change concept seen in what used to be the boiler room (now apartments and commercial space)

A

Urban Consolidation
Gentrification

41
Q

what is the current use of the cooperage in Pyrmont?

A
  • offices + comercial cafe
  • original exteriour and tin roof
  • links to historical past through metal sign + keeping the name
42
Q

what factors caused the boiler room to change into a residential/commercial space

A
  • unique history making it an interesting office
  • near cafe and green space
  • near the city but quieter
  • bigger offices, 70m^2 are about $35-40 000
43
Q

what is the urban change concept seen in what used to be the cooperage (now offices and commercial space)

A

Gentrification - blue collar workers to white collar workers

44
Q

what is the current use of the distillery in Pyrmont?

A
  • residential - multi-story apartment building
  • original building completely demolished - now has a bright yellow facade to to attract attention as it can be seen from all around Sydney harbour
45
Q

what factors caused the distillery to change into a residential space

A

Developers wanted to build to max height to maximise profits after urban decay

46
Q

what is the urban change concept seen in what used to be the distillery (now yellow facade residential building)

A

gentrification
urban consolidation

47
Q

What was the land at pyrmont like in 1951? buildings, what was happening, coastline

A

Buildings
* large-roof buildings - factories and warehouses
* railway system - moved goods around to and from docks and warehouses by hand (before shipping containers, invented 1956)

What was going on
* trade based land area + industry
* trade of goods and physical items
* access to ports + shipping

Coastline
* very rugged, naturally shaped coastline
* no change to coastline other than wharfs

48
Q

What was the land at pyrmont like in 1999? buildings, what was happening, coastline

A

Buildings
* empty lots —> vacant land + buildings
* decommissioned railway - no longer needed, trade was at different port

What was going on
* evidence of construction —> cranes + developing the area

Coastline
* coastline had been filled in —> no longer natural shape, now artificial coastline

49
Q

What was the land at pyrmont like in 2014? buildings, what was happening, coastline

A
  • residential areas —> green space, apartment buildings,
  • urban consolidation —> buildings are taller, build up instead of out, higher density living
  • railway still not in use
  • still has an artificial coastline
50
Q

Who was Barangaroo?

A

Barangaroo was the powerful Cammeraygal woman that the urban renewal development is named after.
Married to Benelong, she was an influential figure in local Aboriginal culture and community, known for her resilience and perseverance.
Barangaroo was a headstrong fisherwomen who was a powerful voice against assimilation in the early days of colonial Sydney

51
Q

What was Barangaroo before 1750?

A

It was bush, occupied for approximately 14 500 years prior to European colonisation by the Cadigal people

52
Q

What was Barangaroo between 1788 and 1810?

A

It was an early European settlement

53
Q

When were the first wharves constructed around the Barangaroo site and why

A

1820’s, to facilitate the colony’s first exports

54
Q

When was gas lighting used in Sydney and where did it come from

A

1840-1921, Millers Point Gasworks on the Barangaroo site

55
Q

When was the original shoreline of the Barangaroo site destroyed?

A

End of the 1860’s

56
Q

At the Barangaroo site, When did Sydney Harbour Trust begin work on Hickerson road and what did they do to the landscape

A

1909, dramatically cut into landscape, lined East Darling Harbour with long wharves

57
Q

At the Barangaroo site, When did Sydney Harbour Trust begin work on Hickerson road and what did they do to the landscape

A

1909, dramatically cut into landscape, lined East Darling Harbour with long wharves

58
Q

When was the gasworks on the Barangaroo site decommissioned and the structure removed?

A

1921 - decommissioned
1925 - above-ground structures removed

59
Q

What is a concrete apron?

A

a flat, extended area of artificial coastline made of concrete that serves as a platform or surface around the waterfront

60
Q

When did Barangaroo cease being a poet and why

A

1979, port botany was constructed, so trade happened there instead

61
Q

When was the worldwide design competition launched for Barangaroo and what was it for?

A

2003, for figuring out how to develop the site

62
Q

When was the north-east precinct of Darling Harbour renamed, and what was it renamed to and why?

A

2006, Barangaroo, in her memory

63
Q

When did construction of Barangaroo reserve begin and end?

A

2012-2015

64
Q

When did the construction of the 3 international towers begin and end?

A

2013-2016

65
Q

When did Barangaroo wharf get a ferry?

A

2017

66
Q

When did site remediation occur in Barangaroo and what was it for?

A

2017-2018, clean up band contamination from gasworks

67
Q

What are the 3 areas of Barangaroo and what are they?

A

Headland park - recreational area
Barangaroo central - entertainment precinct
Barangaroo south - international towers

68
Q

What is in headland park in Barangaroo?

A

Public walking areas like parks, waking and cycling tracks, natural vegetation, late recreational space w/ a 300 space underground car park

69
Q

What is in Barangaroo central?

A

Entertainment section with cafes and restaurants, as well as lots of grassed, open space

70
Q

What is at Barangaroo south?

A

3 commercial office towers named the ‘International Towers Sydney’ with many big businesses buying floor space. It is a financial hub housing 23 000 workers

There are 1000 residential apartments, a combination of low and high rise.

71
Q

What are the 7 steps of the development process of Barangaroo?

A
  1. Design competition
  2. Winning design
  3. Concept plan
  4. Public Exhibition
  5. Stakeholder feedback
  6. Plans amended
  7. Construction begins
72
Q

What are the 7 steps of the development process of Barangaroo?

A
  1. Design competition
  2. Winning design
  3. Concept plan
  4. Public Exhibition
  5. Stakeholder feedback
  6. Plans amended
  7. Construction begins
73
Q

Who are the stakeholders in a development like Barangaroo?

A

Local residents
Indigenous communities
Businesses
Sydney population
Government: federal, state, local

74
Q

What are the economic benefits of Barangaroo to Sydney

A
  • generates jobs Eg. Construction jobs
  • utilising unused area
  • gambling tax - lost gambling licence so
75
Q

Which social groups does Barangaroo mainly cater for?

A

White collar workers

76
Q

Does the current design of Barangaroo contribute to a sense of community?

A

Park does, as it can be used for people to hang out, as we as Barangaroo central, with its many restaurants.
Barangaroo south does not contribute to a sense of community, because it is offices for large businesses

77
Q

Land use of Barangaroo in 2012

A
  • main point of Barangaroo was the shipping industry, and the cruise ship industry was active.
  • there is a shipping control tier and concrete apron
  • international towers have just begun construction
78
Q

Land use of Barangaroo in 2012

A
  • main point of Barangaroo was the shipping industry, and the cruise ship industry was active.
  • there is a shipping control tier and concrete apron
  • international towers have just begun construction
79
Q

Land use of Barangaroo in 2014

A
  • cruise ship industry no longer active, however there is still the shipping control tower
  • more natural coastline - made of locally sourced sandstone
  • sediment trap around coastline - traps sediment to prevent it from floating out to sea and hurting marine life
  • significant development of international towers
  • landscaping for park - started to plant native vegetation
80
Q

Land use of Barangaroo in 2018

A
  • cruise ship industry has ceased - no control tower
  • headland park is complete - lots of native vegetation
  • international towers complete
  • starting construction on the crown casino
81
Q

What is EAD according to the Commonwealth Government of Australia, 1990

A

Ecologically Sustainable Development is “using, conserving and enhancing the communities resources so that ecological processes, on which life depends on, are maintained, and the total quality of life, not and in the future, can be increased.”

AKA - Being responsible with resources to make people’s lives better, now and later

82
Q

What things in office buildings often use a lot of energy and how do the international towers save energy in these areas?

A

Lighting
* promoting access to natural light
Heating
* maximising movement of natural air through a space
Cooling
* running cold water through purpose build cavities in the walls to cool the building down

83
Q

How is Barangaroo being climate positive?

A
  • adding energy produced on-site back to the grid
  • having centralised plant and infrastructure to reduce energy consumption
  • 70kWp central chilled water plants to cool the precinct using harbour water
  • six green star office and hotel design
84
Q

How is Barangaroo being climate positive?

A
  • adding energy produced on-site back to the grid
  • having centralised plant and infrastructure to reduce energy consumption
  • 70kWp central chilled water plants to cool the precinct using harbour water
  • six green star office and hotel design
85
Q

How is Barangaroo water positive?

A
  • recycling all grey water and supplying it to surrounding suburbs - aims to export more recycled water than drinking water it uses
  • installing 90 000 L rainwater tanks in wax of the office towers to capture and reuse rainwater

9GEO_S (2 decks)

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