Barangaroo and Pyremont Flashcards
1
Q
Define Urbanisation
A
the migration of people from rural to urban areas
2
Q
What was sydney’s economy initially based on
A
Trade from ports along the harbour
3
Q
What is sydney’s economy now mostly based on
A
becoming predoinantly serviced based
4
Q
How was sydney harbour initially used
A
as a trade route
5
Q
How is sydney harbour seen today in terms of use
A
a tourist attraction and environmental asset
6
Q
What makes Sydney a good place to live in - economy
A
- Education
- Job opportunities
- Product availability
7
Q
What makes Sydney a good place to live in - Social
A
- Interconnectedness - Family, cultural groups
- Government/ Social Services
- Wide range of goods and services
8
Q
What makes Sydney a good place to live in - Environmental
A
Climate is nice, moderate + beaches
safe/secure
aesthetic/pretty
9
Q
Why was sydney cove chosen as the location for settlement?
A
because it had a small stream flowing into it with clean drinking water
10
Q
What was the clean stream that runs to sydney cove called?
A
The Tank Stream
11
Q
Why is The Tank Stream no longer fit for drinking use?
A
Because the area around it was used for agricultural and residential use, so pollutants ran down into the stream, making it no longer safe to drink
12
Q
What is the evidence of a trade economy found in Sydney in 1888
A
- Cargo Ships + railroads
- Factories + warehouses
13
Q
What factors contributed to the rapid expansion of Sydney’s urban fringe?
A
Lifestyle - people wanted more space (garden + pool)
Affordability - cheaper outside the city
Land was available
14
Q
What are the consequences of Sydney’s growing population (3)
A
Pollution
Traffic
Pressure on public services
15
Q
What are the geographic limitations to continuous urban sprawl in sydney (NESW + 1)?
A
North - river blocking easy expansion, though still settled
East - Ocean
South - Crunulla National Park
West - Blue mountains
Limitations of resources
16
Q
Who bought the Pyremont Peninsula in 1799
A
John Macarthur
17
Q
When did John Macarthur buy the Pyrmont Peninsula?
A
1799
18
Q
How much did John Macarthur buy the pyrement peninsula for in 1799?
A
A gallon of rum
19
Q
What made Pyrmont suitable for industrial use? (2)
A
Deep water access
proximity to the city
20
Q
What were historically the pull factors of Pyrmont before urban decay occured?
A
Employment opportunities in factories and warehouses
21
Q
What is Urban Decay?
A
The process where a previously functioning city or part of the city, gradually runs down or falls into disrepair
22
Q
What were some signs of Urban Decay in Pyrmont?
A
- Abandoned and vandalised buildings + Boarded-up shops
- Unused port and transport infrastructure
- Overgrown, rubble strewn lots where factories had been bulldozed
23
Q
Why did Urban Decay occur in Pyrmont?
A
the factories and warehouses and shipping companies that gave people work and brought people to Pyrmont had closed, and that caused to people/workers to drift away.
Houses, railways and wharfs left behind also deteriorated.
24
Q
What type of people lived in Pyrmont before it experienced urban decay?
A
Blue collar workers
* people working in factories and shipping
25
In what year was Pyrmont's population the lowest?
What was Pyrmont's smallest population?
What caused people to leave Pyremont?
1990
900
There were way less people needed for the shipping industry.
26
Why were there less people needed later in the 20th century at Pyrmont?
because during ww2, better technology, like shipping containers, were invented, and less people were needed to work on ships
27
What is urban renewal?
the upgrading of parts of a city through redevelopment
28
when did the redevelopment of Pyrmont start?
1988
29
what is urban consolidation
* increasing population densities
* occurs in older inner-city areas where existing infrastructure is under utilised
* policy is designed to slow urban sprawl
30
What is gentrification?
* when run down urban properties are refurbished by mid to high income earners
* improves value of property
* displaces lower-income families + small businesses
31
what signs around Pyrmont indicate urban consolidation
the many high rise apartment buildings
32
What is gentrification driven by?
desire for accessibility to employment, recreation and entertainment - in and near the CBD
* evident in areas around Pyrmont
33
what percentage of private dwellings in Pyrmont are in apartments
92%
34
what factory was set up in 1875 in Pyrmont
CSR factory
35
what was the boiler room in Pyrmont? what did it do?
coal fired power plant
old-style power generator
fossil fuel generator
36
what was the cooperage in Pyrmont? what happened there?
metal works - specific to metal rings that went around barrels of rum
37
What was the distillery in Pyrmont? what happened there? what was it like?
rum distillery
distilled sugar into rum
like a science lab on a large scale
38
what is the current use of the boiler room in Pyrmont?
* Commercial space on bottom - restaurant
* Residential space on top - multi-story apartment building
* original facade on the lower part with large industrial-style windows, high ceilings
* additional levels added - part of residential space
39
what factors caused the boiler room to change into a residential/commercial space
Residential
* beautiful water views
* high ceilings
* spacious apartments
Commercial
* lots of foot traffic = more customers
* people from apartments would go to the restaurant/cafe
40
what is the urban change concept seen in what used to be the boiler room (now apartments and commercial space)
Urban Consolidation
Gentrification
41
what is the current use of the cooperage in Pyrmont?
* offices + comercial cafe
* original exteriour and tin roof
* links to historical past through metal sign + keeping the name
42
what factors caused the boiler room to change into a residential/commercial space
* unique history making it an interesting office
* near cafe and green space
* near the city but quieter
* bigger offices, 70m^2 are about $35-40 000
43
what is the urban change concept seen in what used to be the cooperage (now offices and commercial space)
Gentrification - blue collar workers to white collar workers
44
what is the current use of the distillery in Pyrmont?
* residential - multi-story apartment building
* original building completely demolished - now has a bright yellow facade to to attract attention as it can be seen from all around Sydney harbour
45
what factors caused the distillery to change into a residential space
Developers wanted to build to max height to maximise profits after urban decay
46
what is the urban change concept seen in what used to be the distillery (now yellow facade residential building)
gentrification
urban consolidation
47
What was the land at pyrmont like in 1951? buildings, what was happening, coastline
Buildings
* large-roof buildings - factories and warehouses
* railway system - moved goods around to and from docks and warehouses by hand (before shipping containers, invented 1956)
What was going on
* trade based land area + industry
* trade of goods and physical items
* access to ports + shipping
Coastline
* very rugged, naturally shaped coastline
* no change to coastline other than wharfs
48
What was the land at pyrmont like in 1999? buildings, what was happening, coastline
Buildings
* empty lots —> vacant land + buildings
* decommissioned railway - no longer needed, trade was at different port
What was going on
* evidence of construction —> cranes + developing the area
Coastline
* coastline had been filled in —> no longer natural shape, now artificial coastline
49
What was the land at pyrmont like in 2014? buildings, what was happening, coastline
* residential areas —> green space, apartment buildings,
* urban consolidation —> buildings are taller, build up instead of out, higher density living
* railway still not in use
* still has an artificial coastline
50
Who was Barangaroo?
Barangaroo was the powerful Cammeraygal woman that the urban renewal development is named after.
Married to Benelong, she was an influential figure in local Aboriginal culture and community, known for her resilience and perseverance.
Barangaroo was a headstrong fisherwomen who was a powerful voice against assimilation in the early days of colonial Sydney
51
What was Barangaroo before 1750?
It was bush, occupied for approximately 14 500 years prior to European colonisation by the Cadigal people
52
What was Barangaroo between 1788 and 1810?
It was an early European settlement
53
When were the first wharves constructed around the Barangaroo site and why
1820’s, to facilitate the colony’s first exports
54
When was gas lighting used in Sydney and where did it come from
1840-1921, Millers Point Gasworks on the Barangaroo site
55
When was the original shoreline of the Barangaroo site destroyed?
End of the 1860’s
56
At the Barangaroo site, When did Sydney Harbour Trust begin work on Hickerson road and what did they do to the landscape
1909, dramatically cut into landscape, lined East Darling Harbour with long wharves
57
At the Barangaroo site, When did Sydney Harbour Trust begin work on Hickerson road and what did they do to the landscape
1909, dramatically cut into landscape, lined East Darling Harbour with long wharves
58
When was the gasworks on the Barangaroo site decommissioned and the structure removed?
1921 - decommissioned
1925 - above-ground structures removed
59
What is a concrete apron?
a flat, extended area of artificial coastline made of concrete that serves as a platform or surface around the waterfront
60
When did Barangaroo cease being a poet and why
1979, port botany was constructed, so trade happened there instead
61
When was the worldwide design competition launched for Barangaroo and what was it for?
2003, for figuring out how to develop the site
62
When was the north-east precinct of Darling Harbour renamed, and what was it renamed to and why?
2006, Barangaroo, in her memory
63
When did construction of Barangaroo reserve begin and end?
2012-2015
64
When did the construction of the 3 international towers begin and end?
2013-2016
65
When did Barangaroo wharf get a ferry?
2017
66
When did site remediation occur in Barangaroo and what was it for?
2017-2018, clean up band contamination from gasworks
67
What are the 3 areas of Barangaroo and what are they?
Headland park - recreational area
Barangaroo central - entertainment precinct
Barangaroo south - international towers
68
What is in headland park in Barangaroo?
Public walking areas like parks, waking and cycling tracks, natural vegetation, late recreational space w/ a 300 space underground car park
69
What is in Barangaroo central?
Entertainment section with cafes and restaurants, as well as lots of grassed, open space
70
What is at Barangaroo south?
3 commercial office towers named the ‘International Towers Sydney’ with many big businesses buying floor space. It is a financial hub housing 23 000 workers
There are 1000 residential apartments, a combination of low and high rise.
71
What are the 7 steps of the development process of Barangaroo?
1. Design competition
2. Winning design
3. Concept plan
4. Public Exhibition
5. Stakeholder feedback
6. Plans amended
7. Construction begins
72
What are the 7 steps of the development process of Barangaroo?
1. Design competition
2. Winning design
3. Concept plan
4. Public Exhibition
5. Stakeholder feedback
6. Plans amended
7. Construction begins
73
Who are the stakeholders in a development like Barangaroo?
Local residents
Indigenous communities
Businesses
Sydney population
Government: federal, state, local
74
What are the economic benefits of Barangaroo to Sydney
* generates jobs Eg. Construction jobs
* utilising unused area
* gambling tax - lost gambling licence so
75
Which social groups does Barangaroo mainly cater for?
White collar workers
76
Does the current design of Barangaroo contribute to a sense of community?
Park does, as it can be used for people to hang out, as we as Barangaroo central, with its many restaurants.
Barangaroo south does not contribute to a sense of community, because it is offices for large businesses
77
Land use of Barangaroo in 2012
* main point of Barangaroo was the shipping industry, and the cruise ship industry was active.
* there is a shipping control tier and concrete apron
* international towers have just begun construction
78
Land use of Barangaroo in 2012
* main point of Barangaroo was the shipping industry, and the cruise ship industry was active.
* there is a shipping control tier and concrete apron
* international towers have just begun construction
79
Land use of Barangaroo in 2014
* cruise ship industry no longer active, however there is still the shipping control tower
* more natural coastline - made of locally sourced sandstone
* sediment trap around coastline - traps sediment to prevent it from floating out to sea and hurting marine life
* significant development of international towers
* landscaping for park - started to plant native vegetation
80
Land use of Barangaroo in 2018
* cruise ship industry has ceased - no control tower
* headland park is complete - lots of native vegetation
* international towers complete
* starting construction on the crown casino
81
What is EAD according to the Commonwealth Government of Australia, 1990
Ecologically Sustainable Development is “using, conserving and enhancing the communities resources so that ecological processes, on which life depends on, are maintained, and the total quality of life, not and in the future, can be increased.”
AKA - Being responsible with resources to make people’s lives better, now and later
82
What things in office buildings often use a lot of energy and how do the international towers save energy in these areas?
Lighting
* promoting access to natural light
Heating
* maximising movement of natural air through a space
Cooling
* running cold water through purpose build cavities in the walls to cool the building down
83
How is Barangaroo being climate positive?
* adding energy produced on-site back to the grid
* having centralised plant and infrastructure to reduce energy consumption
* 70kWp central chilled water plants to cool the precinct using harbour water
* six green star office and hotel design
84
How is Barangaroo being climate positive?
* adding energy produced on-site back to the grid
* having centralised plant and infrastructure to reduce energy consumption
* 70kWp central chilled water plants to cool the precinct using harbour water
* six green star office and hotel design
85
How is Barangaroo water positive?
* recycling all grey water and supplying it to surrounding suburbs - aims to export more recycled water than drinking water it uses
* installing 90 000 L rainwater tanks in wax of the office towers to capture and reuse rainwater
