Changing Places Flashcards
2.1 THE HIGHS AND LOWS OF PLACE
Explain the concept of place (1 definition + 3 aspects)
Place - More than its physical location; a space which has been given meaning by people.
Location - the geographical location of a place
Locale - A setting where everyday life activities take place, for example an office, park, or cruise ship; these settings affect social interactions and help forge values, attitudes and behaviours – we behave in a particular way in these places, according to the social rules we understand.
Sense of place - an individual’s subjective emotional attachment to a place (a place’s identity. a person can identify with multiple places)
2.1 THE HIGHS AND LOWS OF PLACE
What is the tourist gaze? Give an example
- what a visitor sees or experiences in a place of interest
- organised by business entrepreneurs and governments,
- e.g. 9/11 memorial: different impact for everyone. some find it difficult because they have emotional ties/memories/were personally affected by it, others will think it’s a beautiful commemoration.
2.2 DEFINING PLACE
Explain the importance of ‘place’ in human life and experience (3 aspects, beginning with A, I, C)
ATTACHMENT
- the depth and feeling (attachment) we have for a place is influenced by the depth of our knowledge and understanding of it
- also influenced by the quality or intensity of the experience we have there
- (i.e. the more enjoyable the experience, the safer we feel, the stronger the attachment)
IDENTITY
- our sense of place can be so strong that it forms part of our identity
- we can identify with multiple places/scales of places: e.g. Yorkshireman and European
CHANGING IDENTITIES WITH CHANGING PLACES
- changes in the nature of a place (environmental, social, economic) affect people and their identity
- e.g. if a major industry or employer falls, those made redundant will miss the social interactions associated with the locale of the factory or office, and must re-evaluate their role in society
- e.g. or Brazilian football fans’ confidence takes a hit after watching the crushing defeat in the World Cup, and re-evaluate their positive associations with that place
2.2 DEFINING PLACE
Illustrate how insider perspectives differ from outsider perspectives on place
PLACE OF BIRTH
- insider: born in X or their parents were born there
- outsider: not born in X; they’re an immigrant and/or their parents or grandparents were immigrants
STATUS/CITIZENSHIP
- insider: permanent resident; holds a passport of country X; can work, vote, and claim benefits like free housing and healthcare
- outsider: temporary visitor; holds a foreign passport and/or limited visa to stay in X; may not be able to work, vote, claim benefits; may be travelling for business/in search of work, pleasure, safety (an asylum- seeker)
LANGUAGE CAPABILITY
- insider: fluent in the local language
- outsider: not fluent in the local language; doesn’t understand local idioms
SOCIAL INTERACTIONS: BEHAVIOUR AND UNDERSTANDING
- insider: understands unspoken rules of the society of X; conforms to local norms
- outsider: frequently makes faux paus or misunderstands social interactions
STATE OF MIND
- insider: safe, secure, happy; feels at home or ‘in place’ in country X
- outsider: homesick, alienated, in exile; feels ‘out of place’
2.2 DEFINING PLACE
Give an example of ‘insider vs outsider’ concept
Underrepresentation in National Parks:
- Less than 1% of visitors to national parks were of a black or ethnic minority background.
- Few black or Asian minorities are inspired to spend leisure time in rural areas (lack of representation in the media?).
2.2 DEFINING PLACE
What is meant by spatial and social exclusion?
Social exclusion - Exclusion from society and feeling “out of place” or not belonging to a certain society. This could result as poverty or perhaps belonging to a minority group.
Spatial exclusion - Certain areas being excluded from society. Could be chosen or could appear as a result of a lack of investment in an area by the government.
2.3 CATEGORIES OF PLACE
Explain how a far place can be geographically closer than a near place
Far place: no emotional connection, familiarity or personal experience (regardless of geographical location
- EXAMPLE: EXAMPLE: ABK - we know the layout of the site, the teachers, the rules, the people there; if we were to go next door to TG, we would be lost and wouldn’t feel we belong since it is so unfamiliar, despite being next door
Near place: emotional connection, familiarity, personal experience, frequent and representational exposure
- EXAMPLE: Jubilee - feel comfortable, safe and familiar with the expectations of the place, as well as the people there
2.3 CATEGORIES OF PLACE
Exemplify how media places differ from experienced places
Media places: read about or seen in films, on social media, through art or music etc
- reality can be far different to what you’ve heard through the media
- EXAMPLE: New York - lots of music, big movies, tv shows are produced about/in New York and so we have experienced the place through the media
Experienced places: spent time in
- EXAMPLE: ABK - we know the layout of the site, the teachers, the rules, the people there
PERCEPTION OF PLACE
What are the three theoretical approaches to place?
DESCRIPTIVE APPROACH: the idea that the world is a set of places and each place can be studied and is distinct
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONIST APPROACH: sees each place as a product of a particular set of social processes occurring at a particular time
- e.g. Trafalgar Square: built to commemorate British Naval victory in 1800s and, using a social constructionist approach, could be understood as a place of empire and colonialism
PHENOMENOLOGICAL APPROACH: not interested in how a society views a place, rather is interested in how an individual experiences place, recognising a highly personal relationship between place and person
2.4 WHAT SHAPES THE CHARACTER OF PLACE?
List the 8 endogenous factors that contribute to the character of place, giving an example for each
land use - agricultural, urban, industrial
economic characteristics - primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary industries
location - height above sea level, coastal location
built environment - time periods (edwardian, modern, high tech)
demographic characteristics - aging or youthful population, ethnic make-up
infrastructure - motorways or single track lanes, railway connections, distance to airport
physical geography - floodplain/river valley
topography - hills/mountains
2.4 WHAT SHAPES THE CHARACTER OF PLACE?
List the 4 exogenous factors that contribute to the character of place, then evidence exogenous factors that have contributed to your local place study
flows of: people (migration), resources, money and investment, ideas
SOLIHULL
- people: lots of Hong Kongers are moving to the area, changing the demographic character of the place
- resources: built new Solihull Retirement Village in Shirley
- money and investment & ideas: touchwood shopping centre, brought jobs and income and more tourism
2.4 WHAT SHAPES THE CHARACTER OF PLACE?
List 2 endogenous factors that contributed to the sense of place in your distant place study
GREAT MISSENDEN
- demographic characteristics: not particularly diverse, ethnic make-up is 96.6% white and there are 2% more 65+ than 0-15
- economic characteristics: wide range in size and value of housing and associated levels of wealth; a significant number of young people can no longer afford to stay in the village
2.5 DYNAMICS OF CHANGE
Outline the historical relationships and connections in Milton, Dorset. (what was Milton like originally and what was the change?)
Was it exogenous or endogenous factors that forced this change?
Exogenous factors
Originally: Milton was a market town with almshouses, a brewery, traders and inns
Change:
- Milton’s long history was of no concern to Joseph Damer; he felt it “spoilt the view”
- Damer forced residents out of Milton to create a ‘picture-postcard’ village by forcing residents out with his actions (e.g. local road closures that made trading impossible)
- an act of parliament was needed to move the grammar school
- he flooded the house of William Harrison (who successfully sued and said Damer would have to wait until after he died to demolish his house)
- an act of parliament was needed to move the grammar school, people were
- Damer created Milton Abbas for the residents of Milton to move into
- with the residents gone, Damer demolished buildings and transported the materials to the South East to be used to construct Milton Abbas
- some residents were offered new homes in the ‘picture-postcard’ Milton
2.5 DYNAMICS OF CHANGE
Contrast any continuities in Milton with changes in the sense of place
2.5 DYNAMICS OF CHANGE
Outline the relationships and connections of Poudbury, Dorset
