Changing Places Flashcards
What is sense of place?
Subjective and emotional attachment of place/ connection to place.
What is a clone town?
When there has been a global influence on place. Places in a country look identical with similar architecture and dominated by the same chain stores, thus making that town indistinct from other town centres.
What is lived experience of a place?
The lived experience of a place refers to the first-hand experience of living in a particular place. The lived experience of a place can vary greatly from person to person.
What are examples of homogenised (identical) places?
Housing estates, shopping malls, car parks, roads etc.
What is placelessness?
Placelessness suggests that a place is not unique. For example, UK high streets have a Costa Coffee, Greggs and a Tesco (or similar chain shops).
How has globalisation increased placelessness?
Countries and cultures are more interconnected. Ideas such as American malls have spread to other countries such as the UK because homogenised places have become the “model.” TNCs are dominating markets due to globalisation, meaning more products are being outsourced and big names in retail are taking priority rather than independent stores. This produces more placelessness because there are fewer unique and localised places, everywhere is starting to look the same, for example, high streets which are now flooded with the same big name retail stores.
What is a media place?
A place that a person has not experienced but has a perception of from music, TV, films, adverts, books, and any other piece of media. The reality of a place can be far different from that put across by the media.
What is topophilia?
Topophilia refers to the love or strong emotional attachment that individuals have towards a particular place or environment. It’s a deep connection and affection for the physical characteristics, cultural aspects, and natural elements of a specific place.
What is topography?
The physical appearance and surface features of the landscape
What is topophobia?
The dislike (or fear) of a place.
What are insiders and outsiders?
An insider is someone who would be familiar with a place. They might not feel comfortable, and they might feel out of place. They may have the following characteristics: born there, hold citizenship, fluent in local language, conform with social norms.
An outsider is someone who has not experienced a place directly but may still have perceptions about this place. They can be someone who has experienced the place but feels excluded.
Define social exclusion
Where certain social groups of people are marginalised in society and don’t feel like they belong. This could be a result of poverty or belonging to a minority group.
Examples include: the disabled, non-English speakers, migrants/immigrants, those in poverty, the homeless, wealthy gated communities, and the LGBTQ.
Define spatial exclusion
This is where certain groups are either restricted from or feel out of place in certain places.
What are gated communities?
Gated communities are enclosed housing estates where access is strictly controlled so only residents can go in or out.
What is glocalisation?
Glocalisation is where MNCs often slightly adapt their products to cater to local tastes and laws. For example, Mcdonalds in Hindu countries beef has been removed from the menu, and in Muslim countries, pork has been removed.
Define and give examples of qualitative data
Qualitative data is information that is non-numerical and used in an open-ended way. It is descriptive, which often comes from interviews, focus groups, and artistic depictions such as photographs, music, or poetry.
Define and give examples of quantitative data
Quanititative data is data that can be quanitified and verified and can be statistically manipulated. For example, house prices, crime rates, or life expectancy.
What are endogenous factors?
Endogenous factors are those that originate from within the place and are local:
- land use (urban or rural?)
- topography (the relief and lie of the land)
- physical geography (natural features)
- infrastructure (roads, railways, airports, water supply, education, phone networks, parks, hospitals, schools, law enforcement, government)
- demographic characteristics (age, gender, ethnicity, number)
- location (elevation, distance to coast)
- economic characteristics
What are exogenous factors?
Exogenous factors are those that originate from outside a place and provide linkages and relationships with and to other places:
- people (tourism, migrants, refugees, visitors)
- money and investment (trade deals, tax, major events such as sporting competitions, new businesses, + movement of businesses)
- resources (availability of raw materials, foods, products, water, energy)
- ideas
What does provenance mean?
Who/where/when a source was produced, and why.
What are the four types of places?
Near Places : those which are close to us
Far Places : those that are distant
Experienced Places : places that we have actually visited
Media Places : places that we have not visited and have only experienced through the media
What is urban renewal and urban decline?
Urban renewal is the attempt to regenerate the inner city whilst urban decline refers to the rundown areas in inner city areas.
Define regeneration
Regeneration is all about improving an area usually via investment.
What are UDCs and what do they do?
Urban Development Corportations. They are large-scale projects to regenerate an area. A board use government money and private investment to improve transport, create jobs, landscape some areas and redevelop buildings (improving infrastructure).
Regeneration case study
The Docklands, East London
Loss of docks due to containerisation. Before regeneration the docklands was 50% derelict. 30,000 jobs lost, 21% unemployment and 1/3 of housing was unsatisfactory alongside inadequate infrastructure.
It was regenerated via:
- Housing - 50,000 new homes built, building of Silvertown Urban Village
- Local Community - LLDC (London Docklands Development Corporation) fined turning programmes to improve qualification in the area, £20 million spent on environmental and community projects e.g. local parks and gardens
- Transport - Docklands Light Railway opened costing £73 million, London City Airport opened which handles 4.3 million passengers a year, Limehouse link road cost £450 million which connects London and the Docklands, further bridges built to improve transport
- 600 hectares of land reclaimed, parks and riverside paths developed, old houses made to look better, £300 million spent on improving utilities
Success of the regeneration:
- The Docklands now contains some of the worlds biggest banks including HSBC, Barclays and Merrill Lynch Bank of America
- There is now 14 million square feet of office and retail space. Many buildings include a canteen, gym etc. which attracts staff
- In 2000 only 28,000 worked there compared to the 105,000 people now working there
What are the 4 types of industry?
Primary - extracting e.g. fishing, mining
Secondary - making/manufacturing
Tertiary - services/providing e.g. education, retail
Quaternary - high level industry, research + development e.g. IT, medicine, robotics
Near Place
CHESTERFIELD
104,900 population
3.76 million visitors
Largest market town
Endogenous factors
Market
Independent shops
Geology
Canal - tourism, transport
Green spaces e.g. Queens Park
Mining/farming influence
Waterside development
Exogenous factors
Waterside development
Migration - jobs, schools
Tourism
National/International businesses
Distant place
SHEFFIELD
751,000 population
86.7% white
92.2% speak English
Endogenous factors
Built on 7 hills
Steel industry
1.4 million population
Good transport links
Old buildings made of local stone
Centre of influence
Music - Arctic Monkeys
Located on 5 major rivers
Meadowhall
Exogenous factors
Tourism
Migrants
Transport
Universities
Investment - housing, entertainment, leisure
Redevelopment project:
£130 million, redevelopment of city centre
Included: Peace Gardens, City Hall, Winter Gardens, Train Station
What is locale of a place?
Locations associated with everyday activities e.g. schools, theatre
How do places change?
- Spatially
- Over time
Medellin, Columbia
Early 1990s Medellin was most violent city in the world
- 381 murders per 100,000 people
- Pablo Edcdoar controlled 60% of the worlds cocaine. Medellin used as a base
Endogenous investment:
- Libraries, schools, parks
- Education made a priority
