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Geography > Changing Places > Flashcards

Changing Places Flashcards

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1
Q

What do geographers mean by a place

A

1) sense of place
2) locale
3) location

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2
Q

Definition : locale

A

The effect that people have on their settings, a place is shaped by the people and culture

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3
Q

Definition : sense of place

A

The emotional attachment people have to a place

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4
Q

What factors affect attachment to a place

A

1) frequency
2) age
3) nature of the place

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5
Q

Examples of changes that can affect someone’s identity in a place

A

Social : major country football team lose an important game
Economic : major employer industry fails, those made redundant will suffer
Political : when a country splits up
Environmental : volcano eruption / natural hazard

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6
Q

Definition : insider

A

The perspective of someone who knows a place well and is familiar with all its cultures

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7
Q

Features of an insider

A
  • born their or their parents were
  • permanent residence, holds a passport
  • fluent in language
  • understands the social norms
  • safe and secure
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8
Q

Definition : outsider

A

The perspective of someone who does not know a place well

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9
Q

Features of an outsider

A
  • not born there, immigrant or visitor
  • temporary visitor, foreign passport
  • not fluent
  • misunderstands social interactions
  • homesick and out of place
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10
Q

Definition : experienced place

A

A place you have physically been to, stimulates our senses and gives a deeper emotional attachment

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11
Q

Definition : media place

A

A place you have only seen online, often shows contrasting images of a place

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12
Q

Definition : genius loci

A

A spirit of a place
E.g. mount olympus

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13
Q

Definition : endogenous factors

A

Local factors within the place

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14
Q

Examples of endogenous factors

A
  • location
  • topography
  • physical geography
  • land use
  • built environment
  • demographic characteristics
  • economic characteristics
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15
Q

Definition : exogenous factors

A

Relationships with other places

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16
Q

Examples of exogenous factors

A
  • proximity to other places
  • inward investment
  • exchange of knowledge / ideas / resources
  • migration
  • tourism
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17
Q

Definition : near place

A

Places that feel like home, strong attachment

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18
Q

Definition : far place

A

Places seen as foreign, division between “us” and “them”, feel like an outsider

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19
Q

Definition : place identity

A

How people experience a place and the meaning they give to it

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20
Q

Definition : globalisation

A

Increasing flows of people / resources / ideas have caused places to become strongly connected to eachother

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21
Q

What do globalisation do to a place

A
  • ethically and culturally diverse
  • cloned towns
  • less unique / losing its identity
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22
Q

Definition : clone town

A

Settlements where the high street is dominated by chain stores

23
Q

Definition : glocalisation

A

Local places and cultures resist the power of globalisation, multinational companies adapt to local markets

24
Q

Definition : homogenised

A

Keeping something the same / in uniform

25
Q

What are the impacts of globalisation

A
  • increased corruption
  • more diversity
  • loss of jobs, local businesses close
  • loss of identity
  • economic growth
  • urban growth
26
Q

Definition : sense of belonging

A

To be part of the community

27
Q

Factors that influence sense of belonging

A
  • age
  • gender
  • education
  • social / economic status
28
Q

Definition : transition town

A

Aim to reduce their carbon emissions and increase independence, response to threats of climate change

29
Q

Evidence of transition towns

A
  • global companies adapting to the local community
  • rise in activities of localisation
30
Q

Definition : localisation

A

The process of making / keeping something local

31
Q

Evidence of localisation

A

In 2012 Costa tried opening an outlet in south Devon, 3/4 of the population signed a petition that they didn’t want it

32
Q

What causes a place to change?

A
  • new leadership
  • natural disaster
  • migration
  • external companies
  • globalisation
33
Q

How does the ‘flow of people’ cause demographic change
Example

A

Changes the age and gender balance

Example : younger people leaving East Sussex as they can’t afford the houses, leaving large numbers of old people

34
Q

How does the flow of money and investment cause demographic change
Example

A

The government or businesses attract more people to live there so people become more diverse

Example : London Docklands development corporation improved the economy and built environment which increased the population

35
Q

How does the flow of ideas and resources cause demographic change
Example

A

Ideas such as the use of birth control affects population size and age

Example : LICs have a larger population as they don’t have birth control, charities spread ideas and knowledge

36
Q

How does the flow of people affect cultural change
Example

A

New people moving to a place or visiting, bringing their culture

Example : in the 20th century the UK experienced a mass migration from India and Pakistan which created multi ethnic communities

37
Q

How does the flow of money and investment cause cultural change

A

Large TNCs setting up in countries bringing their own food to the menu

Example : fast food companies such as KFC and Pizza Hut opened in China, number of people favouring this food has increased

38
Q

How does the flow of ideas and resources cause cultural change

A

Cultural ideas introduced can change the characteristics

Example : social media, increase in the number of people favouring western food

39
Q

Examples of external forces that can cause change

A
  • government policies
  • decisions of multinational corporations
  • impacts of internalisation or global institutions
40
Q

How can government policies impact demographic characteristics
Examples

A

Policies to control the population, Regeneration schemes to improve businesses and other leisure facilities

Example : China one child policy, Manchester hulme city

41
Q

How can government policies impact cultural characteristics
Example

A

Controlling immigration, people will bring their culture and traditions

Example : German government invited Turkish people to live and work in the country

42
Q

How can decisions of multinational corporations impact demographic characteristics
Example

A

They create jobs which will attract people and migrants to move into the city, closure of multinational corporations lead to people moving away from loss of jobs

Example : Detroit - major global centre of car manufacturing however many of them closed down due to cheaper labour in countries such as Mexico

43
Q

How can decisions of multinational corporations impact cultural characteristics

A

Immigration workers bring their cultures, beliefs and fashion etc with them, leisure that they enjoy is bought with them (sport)

44
Q

How does the impact of internalisation or global institutions impact demographic characteristics
Example

A

World food programmes ensure places have enough food which prevents deaths from famine and starvation

Example : intense conflict in Yemen which meant that millions didn’t have access to food , thousands of death

45
Q

How does the impact of internalisation or global institutions impact cultural characteristics
Example

A

World banks set up projects around the world to reduce poverty, this can reduce people moving away which protects the culture within or encourage people to move in and bring new culture

Example : world bank funded in China to improve the social condition in an area

46
Q

How do connections between places in the past shape their character in the present
Example

A

sea trade routes helps them to become more wealthy, attract more people and become closer to the cultures

Example : London and New York

47
Q

How do new connections made between places (in the present) affect their character

A

London and New York are now close connected through banking and finance due to improved internet and faster air travel

48
Q

How does the way a place developed in the past affect a places character in the present

A

Sheffield was originally located at the confluence of two rivers near to iron and coal reserves - these would have been important factors for the early development of industry

49
Q

Definition : place meaning

A

An individuals perception of a place (how they feel) , people can attach different meanings to a place depending on their experience

50
Q

Definition : place marketing

A

How places are sold like products to consumers (people who will potentially visit, move to the area or invest money there)

51
Q

Definition : re - imaging

A

Changing an existing negative perception of a place

52
Q

Definition : rebranding

A

Giving a place a new identity that is appealing to investors or people

53
Q

How has globalisation impacted people’s experience with distance

A
  • improvements in travel means that far places are easier to travel to and experience
  • improvements in ICT means people can be familiar with media places
  • internet means people can stay connected

Geography (5 decks)

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