Changing places Flashcards
What is place?
a definite location on a map or a description of the human and physical characteristics of a particular location
What is place?
A location is the physical point of where a place
is
What is place also?
Is a location which has different meanings to various people
What is Edward Relph publish is 1976?
‘ Place and
Placelessness
What did Edward Relph’s publication aim to do?
reimagine the static and dimensional aspects of place ’ that
were once widely accepted
What are locales?
locations in a place that are associated with everyday activities e.g. school, sports
ground or theatre
What is sense of place?
the subjective emotional attachment to a place which gives it meaning
What are some examples of sense of place?
‘I have a strong attachment to my house, it is where I grew up’. The feeling
towards your house, street or neighbourhood, is the sense of place.
What does placelessness suggest?
a place is not unique
Example of placelessness?
, most UK high streets have a
Costa Coffee, Greggs, Ladbrokes and a Tesco (or similar chain shops)
What might placeless places be described as?
Clone towns due to dominance of chain shops
What does the geographer Yi0Fu Tuan suggest?
that attachment (a feeling binding one subject with another) to a place, grows stronger over time
What does the more experiences in a place mean?
you are more
likely to be attached with that place
Can experiences have different levels of intensity?
Yes,
is likely to be a more intense experience than a work trip
What is the correlation between the number of experiences (and intensity) and the depth of intensity?
Positive,
The greater the intensity and number
of experiences you have in a place, the greater the depth of attachment you may have to a
place
What is Topophilia concerned with?
the love of a place and having a strong attachment to it.
What is Topophobia?
the dislike of a place
What are the gfour categories of place?
- Near place
- Far Place
- Experienced Place
- Media Place
What is a near place?
Those which are close to us. Near places are subjective
What is an example of subjectivity in near places?
A woman living in
the Australian outback may consider a place that is 100km away to be near, due to the ability to directly drive between settlements across the outback.
In the UK a place that is
100km away may take several hours to travel to and may be considered as a far place
What is a far place?
Those that are distant
How might near and far places have a more emotional meaning?
Some people may get ‘homesick’ if they are staying away for the first
time in their lives even if they are only ten minutes drive away. They may feel ‘far’ away
emotionally, even if they are physically close
What is an experienced place?
Places that we have actually visited
What are media places?
Places we have not visited, but may have learned about through media representations
What is Genius loci?
Is the spirit of a place
What does the Genius loci suggest?
that every place has a unique spirit or atmosphere, based on everything for the location is made up of, now and in the past
What does place character relate to ?
the specific qualities, attributes or features of a location that make it
unique
What is place character affected by?
- Endogenous factors
- Exogenous factors
What are endogenous factors?
Those which originate from within the place and are local
What are examples of endogenous factors?
- Land Use: Urban or Rural
- Topography: Relief and lie of the land
- Physical Geography: Natural physical features such as waterfalls
- Infrastructure: Built services that enhance or are essential to living conditions
- Demographics: Age, gender, number, ethnicity
- Built environment: Archiecture of the area
- Location: Elevation, distance from the coast
- Economic characteristics: Indept, growth market
What are exogenous factors?
Those which originate from outside a place and provide linkages and
relationships with and to other places
What are exogenous factors commonly referred to as?
Flows of…
- People
- Money and Investment
- Resources
- Ideas
What is the flows of people?
Impact of tourists, workers, migrants, refugees, visitors and changing quantities of
people on an area over time
Example of the flows of people?
Germany has around 1.4 million asylum seekers , who integrate into their society,
though also creating political and social disputes. Inevitably this will impact the
character of Germany
What is the flow of money and investment?
Trade deals, tax, major events (e.g. sports competition), new
businesses or movement of business from an area
What is an example of flows of money and investment?
Investment into the London borough of Stratford before, during and after it hosted
the Olympics has had a long-lasting impact on its place character. Smaller sporting events may have a short-term impact
What are the flows of resources?
Availability of raw materials, products, food, water and energy
Example of flows of resources?
Due to good transportation networks, the UK is food secure. If the crops fail one
year more food can be imported from other countries to make up for the deficit. In
less developed countries this is unlikely to be possible.
Whar are flows of ideas?
- Entrepreneurs may move to an area bringing new businesses with them. Ideas
could be information about an area from another country. Designers drive creative
processes within an area.
Example of flows of ideas>
Detroit has been impacted by the ideas of urban planners which have helped
develop the city, leading to positive reviews by Lonely Planet. This has driven the
tourist industry of Detroit, impacting on its character
What is an insider perspective?
a viewpoint from an individual within a place/who lives there and has an experience of the place.
What are the characteristics of an insider?
- Born in the area
- Hold citizenship for the place
- Fluent in local language and conform with idioms
What is an outsider perspective?
is a viewpoint of someone who is not from the certain place/doesn’t live there/has little or no experience of that plac
What may lead people to feel like an outsider?
Belonging to a different ethnic group
an immigrant family could have moved into a neighbourhood where they
are an ethnic minority which - combined with other factors - may cause the family to feel like
outsider
What is the pattern with these ethic groups moving to different countries?
ethnic groups cluster in certain areas, potentially because people feel more at home surrounded by other people sharing the
same ethnicity. The clustering means that the area will adapt towards that culture over time,
which may attract more people from that ethnicity to move there
Can insiders become outsiders?
Yes, For example, large influxes of immigrants into an area can change the characteristics of a place. The high street may change as shops and restaurants
adapt over time to cater for new cultures, which can make the original residents begin to feel like
outsiders as their surroundings become unfamiliar
What is gentrification?
the process of renovation and improvement of housing to suit a middle class audience, usually leading to higher house prices.
What can gentrification lead insiders to feel like?
outsiders over time; entire districts can change and adapt to suit a different audience, meaning
insiders may feel like they do not fit in with the culture or the class
What is an example of gentrification?
Berlin, many areas are becoming renovated to fit the new trendy and ‘hipster’ feel of the
city, leaving old residents not only isolated, but unable to keep up with higher rents
What can feeling like an outsider can lead to?
Large scale regeneration projects
What can large scale regeneration lead to changes in?
Changes in place character
What does ‘the other’ refer to?
people who are unfamiliar or different to the self
When might conflict and social tensions exist?
when people who do not have the same identity (the qualities, beliefs and
attachments) as other people they meet
When people are considered other what may occur?
easier to
beprejudiced against them as they seem ‘alien’ to us and can be dehumanised
What is an example of prejedice against ‘the others’?
metaphorical language used by some in the media to describe immigrants can exacerbate
negative feelings towards immigration
What else mau conflict be due to?
racism or xenophobia (fear
or distrust to something that is uncommon or out of place )
What is Xenophobia?
most commonly seen
in modern day society as suspicion towards migrants and foreigners
What does census data provide?
An insight into both the past and present character of place
What does census data espeically show?
Demographic or economic characteristics
What are advantages of using census data?
The data is reliable and factual
What are disadvantages of using census data?
- Quantitative data may ignore important opinions
What are field trips?
Visiting near and far places will develop your own personal sense of place
What are advantages of field trips?
You can make your own opinion rather than relying on media’s representation
What are disadvantages of field trips?
You may hold personal bias for/against a place, which could influence qualitative descriptiobs
What is art and media representations?
Artistic representations are good sources of people’s opinions on places
Songs, artwork, films, TV and literature present a place’s culture
What are advantages of art and media representations?
Art and madia is a major contributor to an area’s character, so it is important to recognise the influence it has on sense of place
What are the disadvantage of art and media representastion?
Not quantitative, meaning it is hard to compare and measure
What are maps and photos?
Present a factual and object view of a place. They are also useful to compare past and present places, as there are many archived maps and photos of places
What are advantages to maps and photos?
Ability to compare a place’s past is important, as you should consider how a place has developed and changed over time
What does place meaning refer to?
- The sense of place and character that different people give to a place
- how a place is represented by tourist organisations, governments, corporate bodies and
community groups.
What does place meaning refer to?
The sense of place and character that different people give to a place
What are forces of change?
- Community groups
- Governments
- Councils
- Individuals
- TNCs
- National organisations
What is place meaning shaped by?
By the past and present connections of a place on a varity of scales from global to local
What is rebranding?
the process by which forces of change aim to adapt the place meaning of a location
What does Rebranding involve?
- Advertising campaigns
- Infrastructure and Built Environment Improvements
- Positive Media Coverage
- Tourist Board Managemnt
How is rebranding is achieved?
● Community groups may levy media groups to positively or negatively portray a place
● Councils may invest in tourism boards to portray a positive image of a location
● Governments may set out strategies such as improving infrastructure
● Individuals may start social media campaigns which suggest a different image of a place
