Changing Landscapes Key Words

Question 1

Arable Farming

Answer 1

The farming of crops like wheat and barley

Question 2

Bedding Plane

Answer 2

The surface between two layers (or strata) in sedimentary rock

Question 3

Biodiversity

Answer 3

The number and variety of living species found in a specific area

Question 4

Biological Weathering

Answer 4

weathering caused by living organisms (e.g. tree roots grow into and break bricks apart, animals burrow)

Question 5

Carboniferous Limestone

Answer 5

Deposited rock that was formed between 363 and 325 million years ago

Question 6

Chemical Weathering

Answer 6

weathering caused by a chemical change or reaction (e.g. acid rain)

Question 7

Clint

Answer 7

A large block of rock on a limestone pavement, separated by grykes

Question 8

Clitter Slope

Answer 8

The trail of deposited rocks from the action of freeze thaw weathering on tors

Question 9

Coppices

Answer 9

Woodland where the trees and shrubs are cut back every few years for firewood or timber

Question 10

Crystals

Answer 10

A solid material which is arranged in a regular form with definite lines of symmetry

Question 11

Dip Slope

Answer 11

Land that follows the same gentle slope as the layers of rocks underneath

Question 12

Dry Valley

Answer 12

A valley formed by a river either when the chalk was frozen during the ice age or when the water table was much higher than it is today

Question 13

Escarpment

Answer 13

An outcrop of chalk made up of a steep scrap slope and a more gentle dip slope

Question 14

Fault

Answer 14

A fracture or break in rocks

Question 15

Fossils

Answer 15

The remnants of prehistoric organisms such as a fish skeleton or leaf imprint, which have become embedded in a rock

Question 16

Freeze-thaw Weathering

Answer 16

Weathering caused by the repeated freezing and thawing of water in a crack or hole in the rock

Question 17

Geology

Answer 17

The different types of rocks that make up an area

Question 18

Grykes

Answer 18

Vertical joints enlarged by weathering, between the blocks in a limestone pavement

Question 19

Igneous intrusion

Answer 19

Magma trapped beneath the surface of the earth pushed the rock above it into a dome shape

Question 20

Igneous Rock

Answer 20

A type of rock created by volcanic activity when magma or lava cools. There are two main types: those that cool below the ground which are intrusive (e.g. granite). And those that cool after eruption (e.g. basalt)

Question 21

Impermeable Rock

Answer 21

A rock that does not allow water to pass through it

Question 22

Joint

Answer 22

A vertical crack within a layer of rock

Question 23

Limestone Pavement

Answer 23

A horizontally or gently sloping area of limestone, compromised of large blocks (clints) separated by deeply eroded fissures (grykes)

Question 24

Magma

Answer 24

Semi-molten rock found in the mantle layer of the Earth

Question 25

Metamorphic Rock

Answer 25

A rock formed from the transformation of an existing rock into a new rock type. The cause of the change is an increase in heat and/or pressure (e.g. shale which is compressed into slate, limestone which is transformed into marble)

Question 26

Permeable Rock

Answer 26

A rock that allows water to pass through it

Question 27

Resistant Rock

Answer 27

Strong rocks that can withstand weathering and erosion

Question 28

Scarp Slope

Answer 28

A steep slope that cuts through the layers of rock underneath

Question 29

Scrub encroachment

Answer 29

The gradual invasion if bushes she to lack of management

Question 30

Sedimentary Rock

Answer 30

Rock formed of small particles that have been eroded, transported and then deposited in layers (e.g. sandstone, limestone and chalk), they can also be formed of plant and animal remains

Question 31

Spring-line Settlement

Answer 31

These are found where there is a ridge of permeable rock lying over impermeable rock, with a line of springs along the boundary between the two layers

Question 32

Tectonic Processes

Answer 32

The theory related to seismic movement of the Earth’s plates

Question 33

Tor

Answer 33

A block of granite found at the top of a hill

Question 34

Vale

Answer 34

A flat plain typically formed of clay

Question 35

Wildlife Corridor

Answer 35

A link of wildlife habitats, normally native vegetation, which joins two or more larger areas or similar habitats.