changing landscapes Flashcards
1
Q
Sedimentary formation
A
- formed in layers
- weight of sediment causes bottom layer to become compacted forming rocks such as sandstone
2
Q
Sedimentary characteristics
A
- classified by texture and composition
- usually have layers
- often contain fossils
- composed of compacted grains
- can vary in colour
3
Q
Metamorphic formation
A
- formed when igneous or sedimentary are put under pressure
- rocks are heated not melted
- minerals in the rock change
4
Q
Metamorphic characteristics
A
- formed from igneous or sedimentary
- under heat+pressure
- crystals arranged in layers
- can contain fossils
5
Q
Igneous formation
A
- formed from molten magma
- if the magma cools underground (intrusive) it will cool slower making large crystals
- if the magma erupts and cools on the surface (extrusive) it will cool quicker making small crystals
6
Q
Igneous characteristics
A
- formed from randomly arranged crystals
- very resistant
- don’t contain fossils
- formed from magma
7
Q
Examples of Sedimentary rocks …
A
- chalk
- sandstone
- limestone
8
Q
Examples of Metamorphic rocks …
A
- slate
- schist
9
Q
Examples of Igneous rocks …
A
- basalt
- granite
10
Q
Weathering: Onionskin
A
- sun heats rock - outer layer expands
- at night(colder) - outer layer contracts
- over time - outer layer flakes off
11
Q
Weathering: Freeze-thaw
A
- rainwater collects in a crack
- at night(colder) - water freezes and expands(the rock)
- over time crack splits through the rock
12
Q
Weathering: Carbonation
A
-calcium carbonate (limestone+chalk) + acid rain = calcium bicarbonate
13
Q
Weathering: Solution
A
-the dissolving of rocks by rainwater
14
Q
Weathering: Biological
A
- burrowing animals can burrow into cracks+expand them
- plant roots can grow into cracks+expand them
15
Q
explain what is above the tee’s exe line
A
- north&west
- rocks are more resistant to weathering and erosion
- OLD, HARD, HIGH
- mainly igneous and metamorphic rocks
