changing family patterns

Question 1

how many marriages now end in divorce?

Answer 1

40%

Question 2

petition for divorce stats:

Answer 2

63% of petitions come from women now compared to 37% in 1946

Question 3

what is most common reason for divorce?

stats of petitions

Answer 3

‘unreasonable behaviour’

48% womens petitions
35% mens petitions

Question 4

reasons for increase in divorce rates (7 points)

Answer 4

-changes in law
-decline in stigma & changing attitudes
-secularisation
-rising expectations of marriage
-womens increased financial independence
-feminist explanations
-modernity and individualisation

Question 5

what law changed in 1923

Answer 5

equalise grounds of divorce

Question 6

what law changes in 1949

Answer 6

making divorce cheaper

Question 7

what law changed in 1971

Answer 7

widened grounds of divorce

Question 8

who talks about rising expectations of love?

Answer 8

Fletcher

Question 9

stats on women in paid work

Answer 9

53% in 1971

73% in 2021

Question 10

what is the feminist explanation for increased divorce rates

Answer 10

dual burden of paid work and domestic labour

Question 11

which sociologist is attached to feminist explanation

Answer 11

Hochschild

Question 12

what do new right say about divorce?

Answer 12

high divorce rate is undesirable as it undermines marriage and traditional nuclear family which is ideal

Question 13

what do feminists say about divorce?

Answer 13

welcome it as they see women breaking free from patriarchy in nuclear family

Question 14

what do postmodernists and individualisation thesis says bout divorce?

Answer 14

shows people have more freedom so creates more family diversity

Question 15

what do functionalists say about divorce?

Answer 15

not a threat to marriage as many remarry so it shows people are still committed to the idea of marriage

Question 16

what do interactionists say about divorce?

Answer 16

aim to loom at what divorce means to individuals

Question 17

what does the personal life perspective say about divorce?

Answer 17

divorce can cause problems like financial difficulties and lack of contact with children
but family life is adapting not disintegrating

Question 18

how many marriages were remarriages in 2019?

Answer 18

14.7%

Question 19

what age are people marrying now?

Answer 19

women=32

men=34

Question 20

reasons for changes in marriage:
(5 points + 2 other patterns)

Answer 20

change in attitudes towards marriage
secularisation
decline in stigma
changing position of women
fear of divorce

remarriages
ages on marrying

Question 21

how many cohab heterosexual couples are there in the UK in 2021?

Answer 21

3.6 million

Question 22

how many cohab same sex couples now?

Answer 22

69,000

Question 23

reasons for increase in cohabitation
(4 points)

Answer 23

decline in stigma about sex before marriage
young people more accepting
secularisation
increased career opportunities for women

Question 24

what did Coast find about relationship between cohabiting and marriage

Answer 24

75% of cohabiting couples expect to marry each other

Question 25

how is cohab a trial marriage?

Answer 25

they intend to marry after can be temporary most marty if they have children

Question 26

stonewall stats

Answer 26

71% gen z identify as straight compared to… 91% of baby boomers

Question 27

evidence showing acceptance of same sex couples?

Answer 27

homosexuality decriminalised in 1967 age of consent equalised 2002 right to adopt 2014 same sex couples can marry

Question 28

Allan and Crow - same sex

Answer 28

absence of legal frameworks so same sex have to negotiate more commitment and responsibilities

Question 29

one person household stats

Answer 29

13% households 1 person in 2022 51% over 65 women over 75 more likely to live alone

Question 30

reasons for increase in one person households

Answer 30

more divorce 88% divorce children more likely to live with mother people remain single for longer

Question 31

Duncan and Philips stat about LATs

Answer 31

1 in 10 adults are LATs

Question 32

how many people see LATs as ideal relationships

Answer 32

20%

Question 33

why are people LATs

Answer 33

cheaper wanted to keep own home choice

Question 34

what is average age to have children now

Answer 34

31

Question 35

average amount of children per woman

Answer 35

1964 - 2.95 2001 - 1.63 2021 - 2.27

Question 36

reasons for changes in childbearing

Answer 36

birth outside marriage due to less stigma and increase in cohab the later women have children the less they have

Question 37

how many families are lone parent in UK (2022)

Answer 37

15%

Question 38

how many lone parent families are headed by mother

Answer 38

84%

Question 39

reasons for increase in lone parent families

Answer 39

increase in divorce decline in stigma

Question 40

why are lone parent families usually headed by mother

Answer 40

women seen as better suited by nature fathers don’t seem custody as much as women men less willing to give up work

Question 41

who said many lone parent female headed families are single by choice due to professional women able to support child without the man

Answer 41

Renvoize

Question 42

Charles Murray view on lone parent families

Answer 42

problematic for society as they rely on welfare state produce delinquent boys as they are generally female headed

Question 43

AO3 - critics of Charles Murray

Answer 43

welfare state far from generous lone parent families more likely to be in poverty women generally earn less than men

Question 44

how many families in the UK are stepfamilies

Answer 44

10%

Question 45

what did Ferri and Smith find about stepfamilies

Answer 45

they are similar to first families so often positive but they are at higher risk of poverty

Question 46

stepfamilies - positive or not

Answer 46

can be similar to first families but some can have tensions

Question 47

reasons for increase in stepfamilies

Answer 47

more divorce more children from woman’s side more risk of poverty as man is providing for other children tensions may be faced

Question 48

difference in black and asian families for lone parent families

Answer 48

24% ethnic background families are lone parent 9% asian households are lone parent

Question 49

lone parents linked to slavery

Answer 49

couples were sold separately and children stayed with woman so it could be a trend black men less able to provide for family so causes conflict and breakdown

Question 50

AO3 - Mirza

Answer 50

high rate of lone parent female headed families isn’t due to disorganisation but independent black women

Question 51

what family type are asians most likely to be?

Answer 51

extended

Question 52

what did Charles find about extended families?

Answer 52

found 3 generation family under 1 roof is now all but extinct

Question 53

who talks about beanpole family

Answer 53

Brannen

Question 54

beanpole family vertical and horizontal

Answer 54

vertical - generations (grandparent, parent, child) horizontal - aunts, uncles, cousins etc

Question 55

why are there more beanpole families

Answer 55

increased life expectancy- more generations surviving smaller family sizes - fewer siblings so fewer horizontal lines

Question 56

Finch and Masons findings about obligations to family

Answer 56

90% of people given or received help and about 1/2 cared for a sick relative

Question 57

Cheal - gender patterns in obligation

Answer 57

personal care for elderly women- daughter/daughter in law preferred daughters rarely chosen to provide money

Question 58

Duncan and Philips stat about LATs

Answer 58

1 in 10 adults are LATs

Question 59

how many people see LATs as ideal relationships

Answer 59

20%

Question 60

why are people LATs

Answer 60

cheaper wanted to keep own home choice