changing family patterns Flashcards
what are some reasons for the decline in divorce
adultery- betrayal
sexuality - people will realise their sexuality during the relationship
changes in law- women can now opt for divorce.
Gay couples can now divorce equally
secularisation (decline in religion)- not valued anymore
what is meant by stigma
negative or stereotypical idea or belief
why does secularisation in society explain divorce
Religion has lost influence over society and it is becoming secular.
.52% of people describe themselves as no religion.
.people dont consider religion when considering divorce
why does rising expectations cause divorce
People compare their marriage with societies expectations and wont tolerate an unhappy marriage.
what is the differences between past and now
Past- money
Now- Love
what is the radical feminist opinion of the rising expectations reason for divorce
Radical feminist- the rising expectations ideology is rose tinted and fail to see the oppression of women in the family.
Therefore this is the reason women opt for divorce more than men
what is the functionalist opinion of the rising expectation for divorce
they believe marriage is still important and not an institution, due to the amount of remarriages after divorce
how does women’s financial independence cause divorce.
Opinion is from…
Allan and crow
women earn more money and don’t rely on men.
-equal pay act
-women in paid work
-girls in higher education- higher work positions
Evaluate-women can support themself in event of divorce
what is the new right meaning for the divorce rate
Divorce is bad- leads to single parent household, which causes poorly socialised children as they have no male figure.
Increases parents who claim welfare benefit.
what is the post modernist reason for divorce
individuals have the right to end marriage if it no longer suits their needs- major cause of family diversity
what is the functionalist meaning for a high divorce rate
High divorce rates are balanced by high remarriage rates, showing people still care for marriage and it is important still
how is marriage a social institution
becuase it binds two households, and this is a institution
what acts made same sex relationships more acceptable
marriage act 2014- same sex marriage is legal in uk
civil partnership act 2004- same sex couples now have similar legal rights to married couple (inheritance, pensions etc.)
what is the difference between child bearing and child rearing
child bearing is the process of birthing whilst rearing is just bringing up the child.
STATISTIC- how many children are now born outside marriage
48.5%
why are more children being born outside of marriage
because there is a decline stigma and increase in cohabitation
how has a change in women positions effected the attitudes towards childbearing
women are now more focused on career rather than child bearing
why is there an increase in lone parent households head by females
increase in divorce and seperation.
Female headed due to custody of children usually gave to women as they are seen to be naturally “expressive”.
men are also less willing to give up work and care for children
what do the new right believe caused the increase of lone parent households
They believe the welfare benefit is too generous to unmarried mothers
The new right believe the welfare benefit system has created a “PERVERSE INCENTIVE” for unmarried mothers. What does this mean
it is an incentive which rewards negative behaviour like birthing children they are unable to support independently creating a DEPENDENCY CULTURE
CASHMORE: believes working class women are single by choice and live on benefits due to …..
Abuse
Rise of feminism
greater opportunities
what are criticisms of the new right opinion on the welfare benefit system and lone parent households
The benefit system isn’t generous as most lone parent households are living in poverty as a lack of child care means they cant work.
fathers also dont pay child support
women earn less than men
Stepfamilies- 85% of stepfamilies, the children come from their mothers previous relationship. Why is it more common for the children to come from the mothers relationship not the fathers
Because women are more likely to gain custody- seen as expressive and caring.
There is ethnic differences in family patterns. Out of south asian, british and carribean families which one has the lowest marriage rates
Lowest marriage rates is Caribbean families, whilst highest is British south Asian families
Why is there a high rate of female headed lone parent families amonst Black families
Because there is evidence of family disorganisation from times back to slavery.
Slavery: Couples were sold separately, children were kept with mother.
What does “Mirza” argue about the high rate of lone parent female headed black families
Mirza- high rate of female headed households represents that black women value independence
why is there a declined stigma for divorce and sex before marriage
Secularisation- decline in religious beliefs.
More common
younger generation less bothered about marriage as its costly.
why are lone parent families most likely to be poor
because they have to do childcare rather than work
what are the characteristics of an british south asian family
high marriage rates
low cohabitation rates
traditional
what does it mean by the beanpole family not being extended horizontally
Means it doesn’t include aunts, uncles, cousins. Instead it is vertical and thin only includes generations of grandparents and parents and children.
what are two reasons for the rise of the bean pole family
increased life expectancy- more surviving grandparents
smaller family sizes- fewer siblings and horizontal ties
what is the difference between cohabitation and marriage
cohabitation is living together unmarried
marriage is a legal union
what percentage of marriage ends in divorce?
32%
