Changing Cities Flashcards
What is Urbanisation
The growth in the proportion of a country’s population living in urban areas
What are the causes of Urbanisation
Natural Increase - more people are giving birth than dying due to the good healthcare but also because they want their children to grow up there.
Rural-Urban Migration - where people move from rural areas to urban areas due to the good jobs and services.
How has Urbanisation In The Last 50 years affected Developed and Developing Countries
Developed - in the Industrial Revolution many people moved to the UK’s urban areas due to the high labour demand and job opportunities.
Developing - many people are moving to urban areas due to the better healthcare and the population is increasing mainly due to natural increase.
What are the Pros and Cons of Rapid Urbanisation
Pros:
Foreign Investment increases
Increase Quality Of Life
Cons:
Overcrowding can cause the spread of diseases
Soon there will be enough affordable housing.
Stress on Services as hospitals become packed of patients
What is the Distribution Of Urbanisation like in the UK
North - slow urbanisation due to the mountainous relief making it hard to build on.
South - high urbanisation because the relief is flat but also because there technology is more advanced causing people too matronly migrate from North to South
What is the Site, Situation and Transport like for Bristol
Site - built on the confluence of the River Avon and River Frome
Situation - situated in the South West of England
Transport - has many motorways around it and it also has trains and it’s own airport giving it good connectivity to other places.
What are the Sections like in Bristols
CBD - mainly shops and businesses that expand up not across. However, there is Uni Apartments.
Inner City - mainly terraced houses that are small and expensive. This is for people who want to be close to the CBD
Suburbs - houses become more prominent and less expensive. Population Density becomes less meaning there’s more space for Shops, Parks, Schools etc.
Urban-Rural Fringe - this is the greenbelt of Bristol, and Out Of Town shopping centres are located here.
Why do people Migrate to Bristol
Better Job Opportunities
Politically Stable (move from war)
Fertile Land
Better Quality Of Life
How has Migration affected Ethnicity, Age Structure, Housing and Services in Bristol
Ethnicity - the city is becoming more cultural as people are migrating due to war.
Age - mainly 20 to 30 because people are in search for work
Houses - lack of affordable housing is increasing due to the population increase
Services - become stressed out. However, many migrants work in the services which helps them out a lot.
What is De-Industrialisation
The reduction of manufacturing industries within an Economy.
What was De-Industrialisation caused by
Globalisation - this is when tobacco companies in Bristol moved their company abroad as they had cheaper labour
De-Centralisation - where companies moved abroad as the labour was cheap however there head quarters were in developed countries.
Technological and Transport Advances - more companies can keep in touch with branches all around the world. But also companies can get their goods shipped back to their country quite easily
How have Economic Changes caused Inequality
Due to De-Industrialisation many people lost their jobs causing a major divide between the rich and poor.
How has the Retail Sector Changed in the UK
CBD - shopping has decreased here as it has become too overcrowded and there are no car parks where they can park their family cars.
Out Of Town - this has increased because they have good parking but also because it’s indoors.
What are the 5 ways Bristol are trying to become More Sustainable
Recycling Bins - these bins now come more frequently than the big bins making people want to recycle more.
Transport Scheme - 2 per car lane, Buses, and Cycle Lanes make people get to their destinations faster.
Health and Education - people get checked quicker meaning the death rate is reduced massively. But also education is good meaning people get better jobs when they’re older.
Employment - Bristol is attracting more businesses so there is an increase in Job Opportunities.
What is the Site, Situation and Transport like in Mumbai
Site - built on the coast making it have good connectivity.
Situation - their port is deep, meaning large ships can come through.
Transport - Mumbai has the biggest dock in India. It also has the busiest Railways in the world. It also has an International Airport.
What are the Sections like in Mumbai
CBD - important headquarters are located here and there is very expensive houses locate there.
Inner City - mainly Slums and Chawls
Suburbs - where the railways are which connect Suburbs to the CBD. There are also Industrial Sectors here.
What are the main causes of Population Increase in Mumbai
Natural Increase - Mumbai’s living conditions are increasing meaning Birth Rates increase and more people give birth
National Migration - more people come to Mumbai due to the great Job Opportunities.
How has Migration affected Ethnicity, Age Structure, Housing and Services in Mumbai
Age - mainly 20-30 as people move here because of the good Jobs.
Ethnicity - mainly Indians however it’s becoming more diverse due to International Migration
Housing - leads to housing shortages due to the limited space because of this many people resort to slums.
Services - due to the high population, Mumbai’s Government can’t keep up with sanitation, leading to the spread of Diseases.
What are the Bottom-Up Strategies that are trying to Improve Mumbai’s Quality Of Life
Sparc Community - these people build new toilets connected to sewers to make the city cleaner and avoid the spread of diseases. (However, it takes a long to clean them)
Hamara Foundation - provides social work for street children, stops them from using drugs, and also reduces violence. (Requires a lot of time and donations)
Agora Microfinance - provides a banking service that helps people in financial problems.
What are the Bottom-Up Strategies that are trying to Improve Mumbai’s Quality Of Life
Gorai Garbage Site - they made a layer on top of a garbage site to avoid air pollution, but also so they can build on top. The creek next to it also becomes clean, meaning people can fish from it. (Expensive and Requires high-tech material)
Mumbai Monorail - this is so that people can get to the CBD. It’s good as it gets to the destination quicker and reduces pollution.
Affordable Housing - this clears land from slums and builds affordable housing instead. This makes Mumbai look cleaner and attracts tourists more. Water and Sanitation are provided in the homes. (Costs a lot of some rich people buy this land instead for more money which the Government can’t resist)
