Changes in the Treatment of and Ideas on Disease 1845-1945 Flashcards
Who developed the Germ Theory?
Louis Pasteur
When was the Germ Theory published?
1861
Which German scientist was Louis Pasteur’s biggest rival?
Robert Koch
Other than the Germ Theory name two other discoveries Louis Pasteur developed?
Chicken Cholera vaccine and the Anthrax vaccine
Name two discoveries of the German scientist Robert Koch
He developed a solid medium to grow bacteria, a purple stain that could dye invisible bacteria and he identified the bacteria that caused septicaemia, tuberculosis and cholera.
Who discovered ‘Magic Bullets’?
Paul Ehrlich
What was a Magic Bullet?
A chemical compound that could seek out and destroy bacteria in the body.
What was the name of the first Magic Bullet?
Salvarsan 606
Who discovered penicillin?
Alexander Fleming?
Which two people developed penicillin?
Howard Florey and Ernst Chain
Explain the key features of the work of Florey and Chain.
Key Feature: Tests Penicillin/Mass produced it.
Test on mice, 8 mice 4 given penicillin survive.
USA enters the war and gives $80 million to mass produce it.
Test on human who is critically ill, begins to recover.
It is successfully mass produced, enough for all casualties on D-day.
They run out as they can only make it in small amounts, patient dies.
Saves 10-15% of allied soldiers lives.
Importance:
Proves that it is an effective & powerful drug. Helps to win WW2 for the allies as Germany did not have it. Leads to civilian use, people no longer die of small infections.
Explain the key features of the work of Alexander Fleming.
Key feature: Discovers Penicillin
Facts:
Leaves out petri-dishes in his lab
Discovers mould growing on the dish which has killed the bacteria colony.
Studies the mould, writes a paper on it and calls it Penicillin. Doesn’t have the funding to take it any further.
Importance:
Discovery of first anti-biotic—a super drug. Leads to the mass production by Florey and Chain during WW2.
Explain the key features of the work of Paul Ehrlich.
Key feature: Magic Bullet
Facts:
Inspired by antibodies and by Koch’s use of dyes.
Tested dyes but they didn’t work so started using arsenic
After 605 failed tests the 606th works on syphilis
Importance:
The first chemical that successfully kills bacteria—a cure rather than a prevention. Leads to sulphonamide magic bullets.
How far did ideas on disease and infection change in the years 1845 - 1945?
Pasteur's Germ Theory 1861 Work of Robert Koch Pasteur's Chicken Cholera and Anthrax Vaccines Magic Bullets Discovery and Development of Penicillin
