changes in the magnitude of water stores

Question 1

what is frontal rainfall?

Answer 1

1. areas of warm and cool air are blown towards eachother by wind
2. lighter less dense air is forced to rise over denser cold air
3. frontal rain produces variety of clouds

Question 2

what is relief rainfall?

Answer 2

1. prevailing wind picks up moisture from sea
2. warm moist air is forced to rise, cools and condenses to form clouds
3. air drops down over the mountains warming as it does, as it warms it increases the amount of water it can hold meaning little rainfall occurs here - rain shadow effect

Question 3

third type of rainfall

Answer 3

1. surface of earth is heated by sun
2. warm surface heats the air above it hot air always rises and as it does the air begins to cool and condense
3. convection causes cumulus-nibus clouds which produce heavy rain and thunder and lightening

Question 4

how do seasonal changes affect the magnitude of water stores?`

Answer 4

winter snowfall and frozen ground interupt the water transfers and affect the magnitude of stores

Question 5

how does deforestation affect the magnitude of water stores?`

Answer 5

the removal of trees reduces interception and infiltration

Question 6

how does urbanisation affect the magnitude of water stores?

Answer 6

if the slope is developed for housing impearmeable surfaces with reduce infiltration

Question 7

how does farming affect the magnitude of water stores?`

Answer 7

ditches drain the land and encourage water to flow quickly into the rivers

Question 8

how do storms affect the magnitude of water stores?`

Answer 8

intense rainfall increases the amount of rainfall reaching the ground and increases the magnitude of stores

Question 9

what impact does deforestation have on local water stores?

Answer 9

• less infiltration which affects groundwater flows but increases overland flow
• decreased amount of water in biosphere
• more water stored in soil moisture
• loss of water to sea

Question 10

what impact do storms have on local water stores?

Answer 10

• increased amount of water in store due to rainfall
• transfer from vapour to liquid - atmosphere store will decrease
• increase in groundwater stores
• increase in biosphere and terrestrial

Question 11

what impact does farming have on local water stores?

Answer 11

• water cannot get into soil so harder for infiltration this could lead to water being lost or stored on surface
• decrease in terrestrial and increase in river and ocean stores
• machinery causes reduction in soil moisture

Question 12

what impact do seasonal changes have on local water stores?

Answer 12

-increase in stores once snow and ice has melted
-winter - increase in cyrospheric
spring - reduction in ice store but increase in soil moisture
-disrupt of transfer in winter

Question 13

what impact does urbanisation have on local water stores?

Answer 13

• reduction in stores due to impermeable surfaces, water flows into rivers rather than being stored
• biosphere reduced
• decrease in groundwater stores
• impermeable surfaces means loss of soil moisture

Question 14

what are the 6 factors of human activity that affect subsystems?

Answer 14

pollution 
mineral extraction 
deforestation 
mining 
agriculture 
urban sprawl

Question 15

how does pollution affect subsystems?

Answer 15

-increase in atmospheric stores, gasses turned into water vapour - increased temps due to pollution means more water vapour

Question 16

how does mineral extraction affect subsystems?

Answer 16

reduction in stores, burning has an impact on the atmopshere

Question 17

how does deforestation affect subsystems?

Answer 17

it affects the atmopshere, an increase in co2 will lead to global warming

Question 18

how does mining affect subsystems?

Answer 18

less opportunity for water to infiltrate as ground being taken up

Question 19

how does agriculture affect subsystems?

Answer 19

it reduces the amount of water in the biosphere and more water is stored in the ground

Question 20

how does urban sprawl affect subsystems?

Answer 20

less water storage in the biosphere due to less vegetation