Changes in Society Flashcards
What was the solution to mercantilism, according to Adam Smith?
CAPITALISM —> Adam Smith thought that they should use natural laws to regulate activities but governments should take a step back from the economy.
Industrial Revolution!
How did socialists view capitalism and what did they think would be a good solution?
Socialist thought that people needed more regulation that was not given in capitalism so they wanted people to live in a utopian socialist society. This meant that farmers would produce food for only the town and no one else (Subsistence farming). There would be no trading with other societies.
What is Positivism?
The claim that the scientific method could solve social and technical problems.
What reforms took place to stop the negative effects of industrialization and capitalism?
Public schooling took place and this allowed for kids to stop working in factories and they were able to get a education. These kids could the go on to do more than their parents because they had a better education.
What was the 2nd Agricultural Revolution?
the growth of new farming technologies and advancements in crop and livestock breeding. Lead to increase food production to match the rising population.
Define Subsistence vs. Surplus
Subsistence is to grow food for just one family or town.
Surplus is growing food for 1000s of people.
What was the enclosure Act and how did it enable the 2nd Ag. Rev.?
Government encouraged farm owners to consolidate work force to send farmers into cities. They were able to do this because it did not take as much labor to farm because of new technologies.
What technologies enabled the 2nd Ag. Rev.?
Seed Drill, Cotton gin, steel plow, mechanical reaper.
What was Thomas Malthus’ prediction and why didn’t Thomas Malthus prediction occur?
Thomas Malthus’ prediction was that one day the population is going to become more than the amount of food produced. He believed that to be true because the population grew exponentially and food production grew lineally.
He was prediction did not occur because he did not account for the new developments in farming and how that allowed for more food to be produced.
Why was the timing perfect when it came to the Industrial Revolution and Agricultural Revolution?
They both happened at roughly the same time so when more people came into cities, there were more crops to feed the rising population.
