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Physics > Changes In Energy > Flashcards

Changes In Energy Flashcards

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AP® Physics flashcards Physics 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the eight main stores of energy!?

A

1.magnetic
2.thermal (internal)
3.chemical
4.kinetic
5.electrostatic
6.elastic potential
7.gravitational potential
8.nuclear

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2
Q

Describe the energy store magnetic….

A

The energy stored when repelling poles have been pushed closer together or when attracting poles have been pulled further apart.

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3
Q

Name 3 examples of a magnetic energy store!?

A

Fridge magnets, compasses, maglev trains which use magnetic levitation

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4
Q

Describe the energy store thermal (internal)……

A

The total kinetic and potential energy of the particles in an object, in most cases this is the vibrations – also known as the kinetic energy – of particles. In hotter objects, the particles have more internal energy and vibrate faster

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5
Q

Name 4 examples using a thermal (internal) energy store….

A

Human bodies, hot coffees, stoves or hobs. Ice particles vibrate slower, but still have energy

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6
Q

Describe the energy store chemical…..

A

The energy stored in chemical bonds, such as those between molecules

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7
Q

Name 3 examples of chemical energy…..

A

Foods
Muscles
Electrical cells

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8
Q

Describe kinetic energy…….

A

The energy of a moving object

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9
Q

Name 3 examples of kinetic energy……

A

Runners
Buses
Comets

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10
Q

Describe electrostatic electricity…..

A

The energy stored when repelling charges have been moved closer together or when attracting charges have been pulled further apart

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11
Q

Name 2 examples of electrostatic energy….

A

Thunderclouds
Van De Graaff generators

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12
Q

Describe elastic potential energy…..

A

The energy stored when an object is stretched or squashed

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13
Q

List 3 examples of elastic potential energy…..

A

Drawn catapults
Compressed springs
Inflated balloons

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14
Q

Describe gravitational potential energy…..

A

The energy of an object at height

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15
Q

Name 3 examples of gravitational potential energy….

A

Aeroplanes, kites, mugs on a table

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16
Q

Describe nuclear energy….

A

The energy stored in the nucleus of an atom

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17
Q

Name 3 examples of nuclear energy……

A

atom.Uranium nuclear power, nuclear reactors

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18
Q

What is a pathway!?

A

A pathway is whenEnergy can be transferred from one store into another - as one store empties, another store fills.

19
Q

What are the 4 main pathways!?

A

Mechanical work
Electrical work
Heating
Radiation

20
Q

What is the pathway mechanical work!?

A

A force moving an object through a distance

21
Q

What is the pathway electrical work!?

A

Charges moving due to a potential difference

22
Q

What is the pathway heating!?

A

Due to temperature difference caused by electrically or by chemical reaction

23
Q

What is the pathway radiation!?

A

Energy transferred as a wave
Eg:light,infrared
-the sun emits light radiation and infrared radiation

24
Q

How long can energy stay in the same store for!?

A

Anything between a fraction of a second to millions of years

25
Q

When do energy transfers take place!?

A

They occur all the time, whenever a system changes there is a change in the way some or all of the energy is stored

26
Q

What is a system!?

A

An object or a group of objects

27
Q

Give an example of a system….

A

A swinging pirate ship ride at a theme park

Kinetic energy is transferred into gravitational potential energy

28
Q

Name the 2 different types of diagrams that can be used to show how energy is transferred..

A

The transfer diagram
And
The Sankey diagram

29
Q

How do transfer diagrams work!?

A

In transfer diagrams the boxes show the energy stores and the arrows show the energy transfers.

30
Q

How do Sankey diagrams work!?

A

Sankey diagrams start off as one arrow that splits into two or more points. This shows how all the energy in a system is transferred into different stores.

31
Q

When are Sankey diagrams really useful!?

A

Sankey diagrams are really useful when the amount of energy in each of the energy sources is known.

32
Q

What does the width of the arrow on a Sankey diagram show!?

A

The width of the arrow is drawn to scale to show the amount of energy.

33
Q

What does dissipated mean!?

A

The spreading out and transfer of energy stores into less useful forms, such as thermal energy causing the surroundings to heat up. Dissipated energy is often referred to as ‘wasted’ energy, since it is not transferred to a useful output.

34
Q

Energy can be transferred usefully, stored or dissipated but what can it not be!?

A

it cannot be created or destroyed.

35
Q

Where does energy come from!?

A

In all cases, energy comes from one store and is transferred to another store. This means that all the energy in the universe was present at the Big Bang and will still be around at the very end of time.

36
Q

What is gravitational potential energy store!?

A

The energy stored by an object lifted up against the force of gravity. Also known as GPE.

37
Q

The higher the thermal conductivity of a material the higher then what!?

A

The higher the rate of energy transferred by conduction across the material

38
Q

The better the material is at conducting the more what!?

A

The more energy that is is transferred across it

39
Q

What type of materials do we have to insulate buildings with!?

A

Materials with LOW thermal conductivity

40
Q

Give an example of a material with a high thermal conductivity….

A

Copper

41
Q

Why do we build houses with brick,wood and glass!?

A

To help manage different temperatures.

42
Q

What type of thermal conducts are brick,wood and glass!?

A

Poor thermal conductors

43
Q

Give an example of a way that the amount of waste energy has been reduced….

A

An energy efficient light bulb

44
Q

The thicker the material used…..

A

The less heat that will be conducted through it

Physics (12 decks)

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