Changes In Energy Flashcards
What are the eight main stores of energy!?
1.magnetic
2.thermal (internal)
3.chemical
4.kinetic
5.electrostatic
6.elastic potential
7.gravitational potential
8.nuclear
Describe the energy store magnetic….
The energy stored when repelling poles have been pushed closer together or when attracting poles have been pulled further apart.
Name 3 examples of a magnetic energy store!?
Fridge magnets, compasses, maglev trains which use magnetic levitation
Describe the energy store thermal (internal)……
The total kinetic and potential energy of the particles in an object, in most cases this is the vibrations – also known as the kinetic energy – of particles. In hotter objects, the particles have more internal energy and vibrate faster
Name 4 examples using a thermal (internal) energy store….
Human bodies, hot coffees, stoves or hobs. Ice particles vibrate slower, but still have energy
Describe the energy store chemical…..
The energy stored in chemical bonds, such as those between molecules
Name 3 examples of chemical energy…..
Foods
Muscles
Electrical cells
Describe kinetic energy…….
The energy of a moving object
Name 3 examples of kinetic energy……
Runners
Buses
Comets
Describe electrostatic electricity…..
The energy stored when repelling charges have been moved closer together or when attracting charges have been pulled further apart
Name 2 examples of electrostatic energy….
Thunderclouds
Van De Graaff generators
Describe elastic potential energy…..
The energy stored when an object is stretched or squashed
List 3 examples of elastic potential energy…..
Drawn catapults
Compressed springs
Inflated balloons
Describe gravitational potential energy…..
The energy of an object at height
Name 3 examples of gravitational potential energy….
Aeroplanes, kites, mugs on a table
Describe nuclear energy….
The energy stored in the nucleus of an atom
Name 3 examples of nuclear energy……
atom.Uranium nuclear power, nuclear reactors
What is a pathway!?
A pathway is whenEnergy can be transferred from one store into another - as one store empties, another store fills.
What are the 4 main pathways!?
Mechanical work
Electrical work
Heating
Radiation
What is the pathway mechanical work!?
A force moving an object through a distance
What is the pathway electrical work!?
Charges moving due to a potential difference
What is the pathway heating!?
Due to temperature difference caused by electrically or by chemical reaction
What is the pathway radiation!?
Energy transferred as a wave
Eg:light,infrared
-the sun emits light radiation and infrared radiation
How long can energy stay in the same store for!?
Anything between a fraction of a second to millions of years
When do energy transfers take place!?
They occur all the time, whenever a system changes there is a change in the way some or all of the energy is stored
What is a system!?
An object or a group of objects
Give an example of a system….
A swinging pirate ship ride at a theme park
Kinetic energy is transferred into gravitational potential energy
Name the 2 different types of diagrams that can be used to show how energy is transferred..
The transfer diagram
And
The Sankey diagram
How do transfer diagrams work!?
In transfer diagrams the boxes show the energy stores and the arrows show the energy transfers.
How do Sankey diagrams work!?
Sankey diagrams start off as one arrow that splits into two or more points. This shows how all the energy in a system is transferred into different stores.
When are Sankey diagrams really useful!?
Sankey diagrams are really useful when the amount of energy in each of the energy sources is known.
What does the width of the arrow on a Sankey diagram show!?
The width of the arrow is drawn to scale to show the amount of energy.
What does dissipated mean!?
The spreading out and transfer of energy stores into less useful forms, such as thermal energy causing the surroundings to heat up. Dissipated energy is often referred to as ‘wasted’ energy, since it is not transferred to a useful output.
Energy can be transferred usefully, stored or dissipated but what can it not be!?
it cannot be created or destroyed.
Where does energy come from!?
In all cases, energy comes from one store and is transferred to another store. This means that all the energy in the universe was present at the Big Bang and will still be around at the very end of time.
What is gravitational potential energy store!?
The energy stored by an object lifted up against the force of gravity. Also known as GPE.
The higher the thermal conductivity of a material the higher then what!?
The higher the rate of energy transferred by conduction across the material
The better the material is at conducting the more what!?
The more energy that is is transferred across it
What type of materials do we have to insulate buildings with!?
Materials with LOW thermal conductivity
Give an example of a material with a high thermal conductivity….
Copper
Why do we build houses with brick,wood and glass!?
To help manage different temperatures.
What type of thermal conducts are brick,wood and glass!?
Poor thermal conductors
Give an example of a way that the amount of waste energy has been reduced….
An energy efficient light bulb
The thicker the material used…..
The less heat that will be conducted through it
