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Changes in BT Flashcards

1
Q

horses normally maintain their core body temperature within a ___ despite extremes in environmental conditions.

A

narrow range

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2
Q

in adult horses, the average normal body temperature is

A

38.0

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3
Q

neonatal temp

A

37.8° to 38.9° C

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4
Q

A diurnal variation of up to ___ may occur, with the low point typically in the morning and the peak in the __

A

1° C (2° F)

late afternoon

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5
Q

is the crucial temperature that the body attempts to maintain

A

set point

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6
Q

Specifically, the anterior hypothal- amic-preoptic area contains large numbers of __ neurons and lower numbers of __-sensitive neurons that function as temperature detectors.

A

heat-sensitive

cold

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7
Q

receptors that are sensitive to low temp

A

peripheral receptors

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8
Q

where are peripheral receptors found

A

skin, spinal cord, deep tissues, abdominal viscera

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9
Q

Heat is lost from body surfaces to the surroundings by several physical mechanisms, including

A

radiation, conduc- tion, and convection.

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10
Q

is also an important mechanism of heat loss in horses.

A

evaporation

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11
Q

Heat is conserved by stimulation of the posterior hypothalamic sympathetic centers leading to cutaneous ____ and ___

A

vasoconstriction

piloerection

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12
Q

may increase heat production by 4 to 5 times baseline.

A

shivering

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13
Q

is when the temperature set-point is unaltered

A

hyperthermia

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14
Q

is when the temperature set-point increases

A

true fever

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15
Q

hyperthermia respond to tx with antipyretics

A

false

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16
Q

occurs when the body temperature rises above a critical temperature, leading to multisystemic problems

A

heat stroke

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17
Q

heat stroke temp of horses

A

41.5

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18
Q

characterized by a partial or total loss of the ability to sweat.

A

anhidrosis

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19
Q

encompasses a group of inherited skeletal muscle disorders in which calcium metabolism is altered

A

malignant hyperthermia

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20
Q

Clinical signs of poor performance, increased respiratory rate, and poor hair coat also are observable.

A

anhidrosis

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21
Q

Affected horses are lethargic, with weak flaccid muscles. Prostration, circulatory shock, dissemi- nated intravascular coagulation, multiple organ failure, and death may occur.

A

heat stroke

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22
Q

Clinical signs include a rapid increase in core body temperature, skeletal muscle rigidity, and tachycardia.

A

malignant hyperthermia

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23
Q

usually is characterized by a lack of any diurnal variation, absence of sweating, resistance to antipyretic drugs, and excessive response to external cooling.

A

central hyperthermia

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24
Q

foals treated with this antibiotic are at risk of hyperthermia

A

erythromycin

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25
Q

Exposure to compounds that act to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation, such as the wood preservative _______, potentially could cause a significant rise in body temperature.

A

pentachlorophenol

26
Q

seizures in neonates are exhibited at temp ?

A

42C

27
Q

remain the most common cause of fever,

A

infectious dz

28
Q

exists when fever is prolonged with no other specific signs.

A

FUO

29
Q

specific criteria used to define fever of unknown origin

A

(1) illness of at least 3 weeks’ duration associated with nonspecific signs,
(2) body temperature of at least 38.6° C (101.5° F) on several occasions,
(3) no clear diagnosis after an initial complete blood count and serum biochemical profile.

30
Q

most common cause of FUO

A

ibfectious dz

31
Q

diagnosis of FUO requires

A

systematic approach

32
Q

generally are characterized by recurring paroxysms of elevated temperature followed by periods of normal temperature, such as those fevers that demonstrate diurnal variation

A

intermittent fevers

33
Q

type of fever in which diurnal variation is exaggerated without a return to normal body temperature

A

remittent fevers

34
Q

in which an initial rise in body temperature precedes a period of normal temperature and then a second rise, are characteristic of certain diseases such as equine monocytic ehrlichiosis (Potomac horse fever).

A

biphasic fever

35
Q

are those in which the elevation of temperature is consistent.

A

sustained fevers

36
Q

Ancillary diagnostic tests usually are required to diagnose fever of unknown origin

A

true

37
Q

Intermittent fevers most often are associated with

A

infectious diseases (viral infectious)

38
Q

In most cases of intermittent fever the temperature tends to peak in the ____

A

late afternoon or evening

39
Q

type of fever seen in equine infectious anemia virus

A

remittent fevers

40
Q

equine monocytic ehrlichiosis (potomoc horse fever) is an example of what type of fever

A

biphasic fevers

41
Q

hypercalcemia most often is linked with

A

renal dx or neoplasma

42
Q

The clinician should consider _____ as a differential diagnosis for horses with fever of unknown origin and should perform a serologic examination.

A

equine infectious anemia

43
Q

In clinical cases, hypothermia can be characterized as ___

A

accidental or pathologic

44
Q

a spontaneous decrease in the core body temperature occurs independent of actual disruption to the thermoregulatory system.

A

accidental hypothermia

45
Q

Mild accidental hypothermia sometimes occurs with ___

A

surgical procedures

46
Q

is associated with exposure to cold or cold, damp environments, which can lead to severe hypothermia and death

A

accidental hypothermia

47
Q

Lesions of this gland is also have been associated with hypothermia in donkeys.

A

thyroid

48
Q

has been observed with septicemia and shock, especially in neonates, in which 24% of septic foals were found to have a decreased body temperature.

A

hypothermia

49
Q

he ability to generate heat through shivering is impaired or lost when the body temperature becomes too low

A

true

50
Q

occurs in association with disorders that decrease metabolic activity or directly affect the thermoregulatory center

A

pathologic hypothermia

51
Q

When the body temperature is too high,___ increases and ____ diminishes

A

heat loss
heat production

52
Q

Specifically, the_____contains large numbers of heat-sensitive neurons and lower numbers of cold-sensitive neurons that function as temperature detectors

A

anterior hypothal- amic-preoptic area

53
Q

even when the animal is not sweating, water evaporates insensibly from the skin and lungs, causing continual heat loss.

A

true

54
Q

he primary motor center for shivering is in the _____

A

posterior hypothalamus

55
Q

During sustained or high-intensity exercise, increased heat production is associated with _____

A

muscular activity.

56
Q

are substances with the biologic property of fever induction

A

endogenous pyrogens

57
Q

In addition, the concentration of ___, which is required by many bacteria for multiplication, decreases during the acute phase response.2

A

iron

58
Q

In rabbits the severity of bacterial infection increases when the body temperature in more than _° C (5° F) above normal.

A

3

59
Q

Condi- tions of increased temperature such as ___ and _____ are often apparent from the history

A

exercise-related hyperthermia and malignant hyperthermia

60
Q

possible causes of hyperther,ia

A

exercise related
heat stroke
malignant hyperthermia
anhidrosis
drugs or toxins

61
Q

causes of accidental hypothermia
of pathoologic hypothermia

A

cold, damp, envt ; surgery

sepsis, hypothyroidism, intracranial dz

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