Changes in BT

Question 1

horses normally maintain their core body temperature within a ___ despite extremes in environmental conditions.

Answer 1

narrow range

Question 2

in adult horses, the average normal body temperature is

Answer 2

38.0

Question 3

neonatal temp

Answer 3

37.8° to 38.9° C

Question 4

A diurnal variation of up to ___ may occur, with the low point typically in the morning and the peak in the __

Answer 4

1° C (2° F)

late afternoon

Question 5

is the crucial temperature that the body attempts to maintain

Answer 5

set point

Question 6

Specifically, the anterior hypothal- amic-preoptic area contains large numbers of __ neurons and lower numbers of __-sensitive neurons that function as temperature detectors.

Answer 6

heat-sensitive

cold

Question 7

receptors that are sensitive to low temp

Answer 7

peripheral receptors

Question 8

where are peripheral receptors found

Answer 8

skin, spinal cord, deep tissues, abdominal viscera

Question 9

Heat is lost from body surfaces to the surroundings by several physical mechanisms, including

Answer 9

radiation, conduc- tion, and convection.

Question 10

is also an important mechanism of heat loss in horses.

Answer 10

evaporation

Question 11

Heat is conserved by stimulation of the posterior hypothalamic sympathetic centers leading to cutaneous ____ and ___

Answer 11

vasoconstriction

piloerection

Question 12

may increase heat production by 4 to 5 times baseline.

Answer 12

shivering

Question 13

is when the temperature set-point is unaltered

Answer 13

hyperthermia

Question 14

is when the temperature set-point increases

Answer 14

true fever

Question 15

hyperthermia respond to tx with antipyretics

Answer 15

false

Question 16

occurs when the body temperature rises above a critical temperature, leading to multisystemic problems

Answer 16

heat stroke

Question 17

heat stroke temp of horses

Answer 17

41.5

Question 18

characterized by a partial or total loss of the ability to sweat.

Answer 18

anhidrosis

Question 19

encompasses a group of inherited skeletal muscle disorders in which calcium metabolism is altered

Answer 19

malignant hyperthermia

Question 20

Clinical signs of poor performance, increased respiratory rate, and poor hair coat also are observable.

Answer 20

anhidrosis

Question 21

Affected horses are lethargic, with weak flaccid muscles. Prostration, circulatory shock, dissemi- nated intravascular coagulation, multiple organ failure, and death may occur.

Answer 21

heat stroke

Question 22

Clinical signs include a rapid increase in core body temperature, skeletal muscle rigidity, and tachycardia.

Answer 22

malignant hyperthermia

Question 23

usually is characterized by a lack of any diurnal variation, absence of sweating, resistance to antipyretic drugs, and excessive response to external cooling.

Answer 23

central hyperthermia

Question 24

foals treated with this antibiotic are at risk of hyperthermia

Answer 24

erythromycin

Question 25

Exposure to compounds that act to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation, such as the wood preservative _______, potentially could cause a significant rise in body temperature.

Answer 25

pentachlorophenol

Question 26

seizures in neonates are exhibited at temp ?

Answer 26

42C

Question 27

remain the most common cause of fever,

Answer 27

infectious dz

Question 28

exists when fever is prolonged with no other specific signs.

Answer 28

FUO

Question 29

specific criteria used to define fever of unknown origin

Answer 29

(1) illness of at least 3 weeks’ duration associated with nonspecific signs, (2) body temperature of at least 38.6° C (101.5° F) on several occasions, (3) no clear diagnosis after an initial complete blood count and serum biochemical profile.

Question 30

most common cause of FUO

Answer 30

ibfectious dz

Question 31

diagnosis of FUO requires

Answer 31

systematic approach

Question 32

generally are characterized by recurring paroxysms of elevated temperature followed by periods of normal temperature, such as those fevers that demonstrate diurnal variation

Answer 32

intermittent fevers

Question 33

type of fever in which diurnal variation is exaggerated without a return to normal body temperature

Answer 33

remittent fevers

Question 34

in which an initial rise in body temperature precedes a period of normal temperature and then a second rise, are characteristic of certain diseases such as equine monocytic ehrlichiosis (Potomac horse fever).

Answer 34

biphasic fever

Question 35

are those in which the elevation of temperature is consistent.

Answer 35

sustained fevers

Question 36

Ancillary diagnostic tests usually are required to diagnose fever of unknown origin

Answer 36

true

Question 37

Intermittent fevers most often are associated with

Answer 37

infectious diseases (viral infectious)

Question 38

In most cases of intermittent fever the temperature tends to peak in the ____

Answer 38

late afternoon or evening

Question 39

type of fever seen in equine infectious anemia virus

Answer 39

remittent fevers

Question 40

equine monocytic ehrlichiosis (potomoc horse fever) is an example of what type of fever

Answer 40

biphasic fevers

Question 41

hypercalcemia most often is linked with

Answer 41

renal dx or neoplasma

Question 42

The clinician should consider _____ as a differential diagnosis for horses with fever of unknown origin and should perform a serologic examination.

Answer 42

equine infectious anemia

Question 43

In clinical cases, hypothermia can be characterized as ___

Answer 43

accidental or pathologic

Question 44

a spontaneous decrease in the core body temperature occurs independent of actual disruption to the thermoregulatory system.

Answer 44

accidental hypothermia

Question 45

Mild accidental hypothermia sometimes occurs with ___

Answer 45

surgical procedures

Question 46

is associated with exposure to cold or cold, damp environments, which can lead to severe hypothermia and death

Answer 46

accidental hypothermia

Question 47

Lesions of this gland is also have been associated with hypothermia in donkeys.

Answer 47

thyroid

Question 48

has been observed with septicemia and shock, especially in neonates, in which 24% of septic foals were found to have a decreased body temperature.

Answer 48

hypothermia

Question 49

he ability to generate heat through shivering is impaired or lost when the body temperature becomes too low

Answer 49

true

Question 50

occurs in association with disorders that decrease metabolic activity or directly affect the thermoregulatory center

Answer 50

pathologic hypothermia

Question 51

When the body temperature is too high,___ increases and ____ diminishes

Answer 51

heat loss heat production

Question 52

Specifically, the_____contains large numbers of heat-sensitive neurons and lower numbers of cold-sensitive neurons that function as temperature detectors

Answer 52

anterior hypothal- amic-preoptic area

Question 53

even when the animal is not sweating, water evaporates insensibly from the skin and lungs, causing continual heat loss.

Answer 53

true

Question 54

he primary motor center for shivering is in the _____

Answer 54

posterior hypothalamus

Question 55

During sustained or high-intensity exercise, increased heat production is associated with _____

Answer 55

muscular activity.

Question 56

are substances with the biologic property of fever induction

Answer 56

endogenous pyrogens

Question 57

In addition, the concentration of ___, which is required by many bacteria for multiplication, decreases during the acute phase response.2

Answer 57

iron

Question 58

In rabbits the severity of bacterial infection increases when the body temperature in more than _° C (5° F) above normal.

Answer 58

3

Question 59

Condi- tions of increased temperature such as ___ and _____ are often apparent from the history

Answer 59

exercise-related hyperthermia and malignant hyperthermia

Question 60

possible causes of hyperther,ia

Answer 60

exercise related heat stroke malignant hyperthermia anhidrosis drugs or toxins

Question 61

causes of accidental hypothermia of pathoologic hypothermia

Answer 61

cold, damp, envt ; surgery sepsis, hypothyroidism, intracranial dz