Changes For Plains Indians Flashcards
How did railroads impact Plains Indians?
Increased settlement
Disrupted buffalo herds
Led to buffalo extermination
Moved on to reservations
How did the cattle industry impact buffalo?
Cattle and buffalo fought for the same grass so as cattle numbers increased, buffalo were put under pressure
Why did Indians move to reservations?
The US army used force
The US government promised protection of their lands and regular supplies of food
When was the Peace Policy?
1868
What did the peace policy do?
Improved the conditions of reservations to encourage Indians to move onto them and assimilate
When was Little Crows war?
1862
What happened to Little crow in 1861?
Crops failed on the reservation and food promised by the government didn’t arrive
What did Little Crow do after facing starvation?
Attacked the agency that ran the reservation to steal food to share.
Burned agency buildings
Killed several US soldiers
When was the Sand Creek Massacre?
1864
What caused the Sand Creek Massacre?
The Cheyenne on the Sand Creek reservation were starving after crop failures so they attacked wagon trains and stole food
Who led the Cheyenne in the Sand Creek Massacre?
Black kettle
What happened on November 29 1864?
(Sand Creek Massacre)
Colonel Chivington led a raid on the Cheyenne camp. More than 150 Indians were Massacred
When was Red Clouds War?
1866-68
What was the problem with the Bozeman trail?
It broke the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851 as it crossed the hunting grounds of the Sioux
What caused Red Clouds War?
The establishment of three U.S. army forts along the Bozeman trail
