Change from above

Question 1

what is change from above

Answer 1

people w power & authority change language through control

Question 2

what is prescriptivism seen as

Answer 2

the attempt to control language & prevent language change by those w/o power

Question 3

what is the 1st stage of Haugens 4 stages of standardisation

Answer 3

selection- a language is chosen, usually a prestigious form e.g) London English b/c it had overt prestige

Question 4

what is the 2nd stage of Haugens 4 stages of standardisation

Answer 4

codification- establishment of norms of lexis, grammatical structures & spelling

Question 5

what is the 3rd stage of Haugens 4 stages of standardisation

Answer 5

elaboration- selected language is developed into linguistic resources e.g) magazines, newsapapers , adverts & gains prestige

Question 6

what is the 4th stage of Haugens 4 stages of standardisation

Answer 6

Implementation- language accepted by community through promotion & enforcement of rules/norms done by the government, skls, media etc.

Question 7

what happened in 1476

Answer 7

Caxton brought the printing press to England & selected to print London English in books

Question 8

who and when was the 1st dictionary written

Answer 8

Samuel Johnson in 1755

Question 9

who & when was the book of grammar rules written

Answer 9

Robert Lowth in 1762

Question 10

why did working class literacy become a necessity

Answer 10

due to the Industrial Revolution, an educated workforce was needed