Change and reaction 1536-47 Flashcards
What were the political motivations behind the dissolution of the monasteries?
- The monasteries and the clergy were the most forceful form of opposition to the break with Rome. This was particularly the case from abbots sat in the house of Lords.
- Henry wanted to establish and independent nation state and didn’t want their to be continued allegiance to the Pope in Rome. Henry also didn’t like the monastic orders that were located in mainland Europe that he had no control over
- He needed the support of the nobility more than the clergy and they supported the dissolution as they could take advantage of it I ways such as purchasing land at a cheap rate.
What were the financial motivations behind the dissolution of the monasteries?
- Glastonbury monastery:
Order - benedictine
Gross income - £3912
Net income after tax - £3311- A pound was worth approximately £538 in a 2014 equivalent
- The wealth of the monasteries could be used to enable Henry to establish himself as a European Prince
What were the religious motivations behind the dissolution of the monasteries?
- Specially appointed commissioners were sent out in 1535 to instigate not only the wealth but also the behaviour of the monks.
- There findings were used to demonstrate those living in religious houses were greedy, lazy, self-indulgent, and above anything else, engaged in a range of sexual relationships.
It was said Monks had fathered children and numerous occasions, and that it was known that nuns had children and went unpunished.
- There findings were used to demonstrate those living in religious houses were greedy, lazy, self-indulgent, and above anything else, engaged in a range of sexual relationships.
Categorise the criteria into Long term, short term, underlying and trigger cause for the dissolution of the monasteries.
Long term cause - Political causes
Short term - financial causes
Underlying - political
Trigger - religious
What did the Bede roll show about Henry’s ideas towards religion?
If you follow God, nothing bad can happen to you. Henry was particularly interested in images, relics, and the consecrated bread and wine of the mass which he genuinely believed had power.
How did Henry deal with the Lincolnshire uprising
He authorised negotiation and he wrote to the rebels himself, responding to their demands point by point. He said that if they stopped they would be allowed to go free, rather than be executed. He then went back on his word and executed the rebel leaders.
What did the six articles set out?
The religious doctrines that the kings subjects were required to adhere. They are conservative, they draw from traditional catholic manors, but these doctrines were balanced by the concession of the use of the bible in English. Every parish church had t have one. It was probably more catholic at this point
Why did Henry’s marriage to Anne of Cleves make sense?
Anne’s brother ruled territory’s in the North west of Germany, strategically cited between France and Henry’s rival Charles V.
What was Cromwell’s mistake in arranging the Cleves marriage
Henry strongly suspected that Anne wasn’t a virgin which meant that he liked her even less than before where he was upset that he had to Marry for political reasons.
What happened to Cromwell as a result?
He was arrested and condemned for treason and heresy. He was beheaded.
What did Cranmer alledge about Catherine Howard?
That she slept with at least two men before she married Henry
What suggested that Henry and Cromwell were not confident about the ending of the monasteries?
They kept 67 of the 300 religious houses who’s income was under £200 per year even though they said they’d all go.
What is Henry’s desire for changing the religious doctrine?
He wanted the centralisation of faith in order to give himself more personal power and to limit the power and voice of the radicals on either side
What happened to Catherine Howard when she was young?
She lost her mother when she was around 10 years old and was sent to her Step Grandmother. Here she was groomed by several men and married to a man twice her age, all within the decade. Mannox had intercourse with her at the age of 13.
Which foreign power posed the biggest threat to England and why?
Scotland and France are the biggest threat for three reasons:
- They are super close to England geographically
- They were strong allies
- France had a huge, very well trained army.
Does foreign policy influence Henry?
Foreign policy is a n important influence on Henry because he is concerned by the threat of these powers especially as his health is declining, he sees opportunity to get what he wants if they support him, and he knows he might be able to spread his ideology through Christendom.
England
England
holy Roan Empire + France
Relationships between
Which of the two factions was winning through the 1540’s.
The reformers are probably back ahead of the conservatives following the conservatives screw up to gain more established power with the Catherine Howard and Catherine Parr marriage attempts
Why did Henry attack Scotland?
Henry wanted to attack Scotland because of his ego. He liked the idea of conquering another nation and since France was out of the picture he turned to Scotland. He also didn’t like the fact that James V was prepared to stand up to him.
