Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

History topic 1 > Change and challenge in the workplace > Flashcards

Change and challenge in the workplace Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards World History 101 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards
1
Q

When was the legal recognition of Trade Unions

A

1871

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What were reasons for industrial change post-WW1

A

Many industry was unchanged since Victorian period -outdated and competed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What were some new areas of industry post-WW1

A

Cars
engineering factories
producer good

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why were WW1 strikes kept to a minimum

A

David Lloyd George had a deal with Trade Unions

Wartime economy needed high discipline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What were some post-ww1 industrial grievances

A

Repressed wages

Rising prices

Rising food shortages

Ideological and political grievances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When was Black Friday strike

A

1921 15th April

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What were the members of the triple alliance

A

The miners federation of GB
The national union of railwaymen
national transport workers federation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What were industries included in heavy industry

A

Steel, coal mining and iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What were the two England’s in the interwar years of industry

A

Newer and older areas of industry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many strikes were there in Britain in 1917 and with how many people

A

48 strikes across Britain
involved 200,000 people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many days were lost due to strikes in 1919, 1920 and 1921

A

1919-32 million days
1920-25 million days
1921-84 million days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happened in the 1921 miner’s strike

A

The MFGB (biggest union 900,000) were protesting the lengthened hours and cut wages
High levels of unemployment meant miners couldn’t complain

Could have easily been broken with dock workers help

Union leaders refused to accept pay cuts

Friday 15th April 1921 Black Friday

NUR and NTWF left miners alone to strike meaning that eventually miners were forced to accept the pay cuts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does MFGB stand for

A

Miners federation of Great Britain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does NUR stand for

A

National Union of Railwaymen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does NTWF stand for

A

National Transport Workers Federation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What were the effects of Black Friday

A

Miners had a lasting sense of grievances to other members of the triple alliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How did Stanley Baldwin attempt to prevent the 1926 general strike

A

Gave pit owners subsidies to pit owners till May 1926 to maintain pay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happened during the 1926 general strike

A

1st May a million miners locked out refusing the 13.5% pay cuts and TUC announced a General Strike 3rd May

Strike collapsed as the 1906 trades dispute act gave unions legal immunity from damages and gave claims to profits for businesses

Miners wages slashed and 30% industry if its jobs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What did the Trade disputes act 1927 do

A

Prevented sympathetic striking and mass picketing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why did the 1926 general strike fail

A

Government more organised than the TUC
Published the British gazette and used BBC to publish propaganda
anti-union organisations
Labour party distanced themselves from TUC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happened to union activity in the 1930s

A

Significantly weakened due to the Great depression and the aftermath of the general strikes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What was membership of unions 1922

A

8 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What was union membership 1932

A

4.5 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Who were the Bevin Boys

A

Men conscripted to work in the mines who recieved lower pay than older miners

went of 514 strikes in South Wales across the war period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What happened in the 1944 Strike

A

100,000 welsh miners went on an unofficial strike for better wages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What happened in the 19e42 kent miners strike

A

Miners went on strike illegally leading the the government prosecuting 1,050 miners £1-£4
This led to other miners dropping their tools and the prosecutions being dropped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What did WW2 bring to British employment changes

A

Brought full employment
Deployment of large numbers of women into factories and jobs previously dedicated to men
Idle factories during 1930s now fully operational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What percentage of the citizen population was involved in the war effort in 1944

A

33%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What were the Bevin Boys

A

a controversial policy in December 1943

Conscription of 10% of young men in the coal ines rather than the military

many of the boys hated this to armed service

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How did full employment improve working conditions

A

Employers needed to keep workers in their workplaces using attractive wages and working conditions

Workers more mobile and likely to leave a job that didn’t suit them so employers offered benefits such as canteen facilities, sports and social clubs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What were the highest levels of unemployment 1948-1970

A

2% due to full employment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How many workers in the car industry in 1956

A

over 500,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What was one issue with factory work

A

It was tedious due the repetitive work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What was a benefit to factory work

A

High pay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What was average pay factories workers received in 1951, 1961 and 1971

A

1951-£8.30
1961-£15.35
1971-£30.93

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What was the relationship between the government and unions like during WW2

A

Unions and government worked closely together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What was the relationship between the government and unions like during the 50s and 60s

A

The era of consensus and corporatism gave unions a role in industrial policy and wage setting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What was the relationship between the government and unions like during late 60s and 70

A

Government had become gradually less cooperative and more antagonistic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Who was Ernest Bevin

A

Minister of labour and national service in the war years
Previous leader of the Transport and General Workers Union

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

From a union point of view who was the most important member of cabinet in WW2

A

Ernest Bevin the leader of the transport and general workers union

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What did Defence Regulation 58AA do and when was it introduced

A

Introduced in 1940 and it banned war time strikes and lockouts

42
Q

What was significant at the 1942 Kent Miner’s strike

A

Government fined miners who illegally striked between £1 and £3 however this led to miners in other pits to throw down there tools until the home secretary dropped charges and improved wages

43
Q

Why were bevin boys angry during WW2

A

Younger miners who were conscripted too work in the mines but paid much less than the older more experienced miners

44
Q

How many strikes were then in South Wales coal fields between 1939 and 1944

A

514

45
Q

What did British miners find about the war and striking

A

War presented improved wages that peacetime did not

46
Q

What was union membership 1940

A

6600

47
Q

What was union membership 1945

A

7800

48
Q

What was union membership 1950

A

9300

49
Q

What was union membership 1955

A

9700

50
Q

What was union membership 1965

A

10300

51
Q

What was union membership 1970

A

11200

52
Q

What was union membership 1975

A

11700

53
Q

What was union membership 1980

A

12600

54
Q

What did 1950s see regarding union membership

A

Due to the high era of unemployment the 1950s saw high trade union membership

55
Q

What did the new prosperous union leadership mean

A

Emergence of leaders whose lifestyles were far removed from poorer members

56
Q

What were the causes of the differences between old and younger union members in the post-WW2 era

A

Old members less affected by materialism
Younger union members wanted pay rises to enable more consumerism

57
Q

What did the rise of materlialism see a decline in

A

Deferential attitudes

58
Q

How many strikes were there 1945-1954 per year

A

1751 strikes per year

59
Q

How many strikes were there 1955 to 1964 per year

A

2241 strikes per year

60
Q

Who blamed unions for economic performances in the post-ww2 era

A

Many Middle class newspapers such as the times

61
Q

What was a growing perception in the post-ww2 era about unionised men

A

They were lazy, obstructive and too powerful

62
Q

What were the 1960 wildcat strikes

A

Strikes that weren’t officially sanctioned by the unions or the TUC

63
Q

What did the public associate stewards with in the 1960s

A

a jumped-up Napoleon figure
Actions of stewards associated with the wider unions

64
Q

Why were the public associations for stewards a serious issue for Wilson 1960

A

Labour seen as sympathetic with unions due to their shared history so the voter may vote against them

65
Q

How many strikes unofficial 1960s

A

90%

66
Q

How many days lost on average each year in the 1960s

A

3 million days

67
Q

How many days lost in 1968

A

4.7 million days - the year of the strike

68
Q

What was the Girling brake strike

A

A 1968 wildcat strike at Girling brake company
The Amalgamated union of engineering and Foundry workers (AEF) complained about a non AEF worker using a AEF only oil pump
The walkout stopped the manufacture of brakes for the British car industry and led to 5000 workers being temporarily laid off

69
Q

What was the cause of increased militancy 1960s

A

Creeping inflation

70
Q

Who were the only people who benefitted from the growth of affluence in the 1960s

A

Those who were above the inflation pay increases and

71
Q

What did the White paper ‘In place of strife’ consist of

A

Government could order a strike ballot before official industry action took place if the strike was deemed to threaten the economy
Workers in unofficial strikes led by militant shop stewards could be ordered back to work for a 28 day cooling off period
When unions fought the dispute would go to an industrial board who would hand down a legally binding verdict
A strike that broke these rules would be declared illegal
Unions could face stiff fines and members imprisoned

72
Q

Who introduced the in place of strife white papers

A

Barbara Castle in 1969

73
Q

Who supported the in place of strife white papers

A

Widespread public support

74
Q

Who were opposed to the in place of strife white papers

A

Unions

75
Q

What was labours reaction to the in place of strife white papers

A

Was divided on the issues

76
Q

What was the Industrial Relations act 1971

A

Attempted to introduce all of castle’s measures

77
Q

Why did the industrial relations act 1971 fail

A

Ineffective as he time of soaring inflation led to a uncooperative TUC
Heath’s government hesitated in enforcing the new rules
The miners had brought Heath to his knees

78
Q

In 1970 why did miners want to strike

A

Consistently underpaid and undervalued- wages 3% lower than manufacturing workers
Didn’t feel like they were prospering off the nations affluence

79
Q

What happened to the coal industry during the 1960s

A

Had shrunk drastically

80
Q

What did the NCB do to miners throughout the 1960s

A

Closed 400 pits and made 420,000 miners redundant

81
Q

What was the pay increase voted for by the miners union in 1970

A

33% increase

82
Q

What were the NUM

A

National Union of Miners who had developed from the MFGB in 1945

83
Q

Why did the 1970 miner strike not initially occur.

A

Needed 2/3s majority and received only 1/2

84
Q

What changed meaning miners could strike in 1972?

A

only a 55% majority was needed for NUM to strike

85
Q

What was the strategy flying pickets

A

Blocking off power stations and coal depots with men

86
Q

Why was the 1972 strike successful

A

Heath had not planned for the strike and had no available resources to beat it

87
Q

What change came about due to the 1972 strike

A

Government gave miners a 27% pay rise

88
Q

Why did NUM call a second miners strike 1973-1974 winter

A

The 1973 oil crisis had led the country dependent on coal so saw an opportunity for fresh pay

89
Q

What did the second miners strike 1973-1974 winter mean for Britain

A

electricity production declined leading to power cuts
Gov had to call a state of emergency and order a 3 day work week

90
Q

What was Heaths 1974 slogan and did it help him succeed in winning the election

A

Who governs Britain
It failed as the voters had no confidence in the Tories to beat Britain

91
Q

What did Wilson’s gov 1974 negotiate with the unions

A

A social contract which was a voluntary code to prevent the need for a formal incomes policy

92
Q

What was the winter of discontent

A

Winter of strike action between 1978-1979

93
Q

What caused the winter of discontent

A

Denis Healy the chancellor enforced a strict 5% pay increase cap for low-payed workers

94
Q

Why did 15000 auto workers go on strike in the winter of discontent

A

Ford tried to enforce the government pay policy

95
Q

Why did membership of the Ford strike increase in october

A

The TGWU made the strike legal leading to 57000 total workerss

96
Q

Why did the Ford strike end

A

Ford offered a 17% pay rise meaning the company incurred gov penalties

97
Q

How much did Lorry drivers demand in 1978

A

40% pay rise

98
Q

Why did the 1978 Haulage strikes fail

A

They had to withdraw due to the coldest winter since 1947

99
Q

What was the main consequence of the winter of discontent

A

dramatic shift in public attitudes against TU

100
Q

Want percentage of the public sector agreed with unions 1979

A

Only 20%

101
Q

Want percentage of the public sector agreed with unions 1969

A

60%

History topic 1 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions