Change ✔️ Flashcards
What is change
the project, initiative or solution being introduced in the organization to improve the way work gets done, solve a problem, or take advantage of an opportunity.
Internal Causes for change: objectives
Businesses growing objective will change. Start of business: surviving
End of business: profit
Internal Causes for change: personnel
Changes in employees will change the running of the business. Nee ideas/ methods of working will change other employees
Internal Causes for change:skill levels
As societies attitude to education + learning it causes change in work environment. More skills needed for higher skill jobs
Internal Causes for change: finances
Finial state of the business will force changes. New procedures and products, legislation ect. May force a business to undertake large scale changes. Changes in profit influences change in work
Internal Causes for change: innovation
If the business is innovative in its market, it may develop new products that result in changes in the processes it uses or the market it supplies
External Causes for change: globalisation
Growth/change in globalisation changes the way a business acts/sells to. Growth in NEEs changes global production
External Causes for change: environment
Forces businesses to change due to environmental issues, due to change in fossil fuels effects costs of business. Changes may be due to packaging, energy efficient, recycling, production methods
External Causes for change: technology
New products, production methods and changes in info technology are significant factors in changing the business environment
External Causes for change: customer base
May be change in demographics factors that change customers needs and wants. More cultures need for culture diverse food
External Causes for change: economy
Economic impact and change in stage of economic cycle in Uk and world inflicts change in businesses
External Causes for change: competition
Businesses may have to change in response to competition. Businesses still need to be aware of their competitors actions and introduce measures to secure market share
External Causes for change: government
Gov policies can change businesses. Come in the form of legislation
What is anticipated change
Change that can be predicted which means that businesses eb respond in order to minimise the adverse effects
What is unanticipated change
Change that businesses have no control over, they require contingency plans for worst case scenarios
What is strategic change
Change may occur as a natural part of the operation of the business. Improving and sustaining business performance. This is I’ll require operational change in the way the business is run in a day to day basis
What is driver for change and drivers against change
-Factors that will cause change
-factors that will cause problems/resistance to change
What is change management
The approach to overseeing a transitioned stage within a business
Why is it important to manage change effectively
-avoid drivers against change
-avoids employee resistance
-avoid wasting resources attempting implement a failed change
-to ensure change is successfully implemented
Practices that can help change
-teamwork
-positive culture
-support of trade union
-no strike deals
-new working practices
What is Lewis’s 3 step change management model:
-unfreeze: creating an awareness that change is required. Moving away from set beliefs. Communicate with all parties.
-change: implementation of the change, hardest step to overcome. Learning new behaviours, processes and ways of thinking. Process that needs support, education and communication to help implement change
-freezing: reinforcing, stabilising and solidifying the new state after change. This becomes the norm
Why may a business not use lewins 3force model
This model is dates as businesses constantly change so freezing shouldn’t happen if it is need to unfreeze soon after. Changes are continuous and everyday and so freezing is useless
Advantages and disadvantages of Lewins 3 force model
Adv:
-easy to implement in any business, flexible
-east to understand
-encourages lasting change
-shows importance of change
Dis:
-doesn’t show how to do it
-need other models and information
-doesn’t identify key components in the 3 areas of change
McKinseys 7-s model (need to do)
-The McKinsey 7-S Model is a change framework based on a company’s organizational design.
-It aims to depict how change leaders can effectively manage organizational change by strategizing around the interactions of seven key elements: structure, strategy, system, shared values, skill, style, and staff.
Positives of mckinseys 7-s model
-more detailed but can be used with lewins
-designed to help implement change, boost performance
-can be applied to most business sections
Negatives of mckinseys 7-s model
-doesn’t say how to implement change
-broad area
-doesn’t take resistance into account
-requires business knowledge
What is kotters 8 step change model
-this model helps managers to understand and manage change in a business: each stage helps to show peoples response to change and show the process from seeing the need and then changing
What are the 8steps in kotters 8 step change model
-increasing urgency: encourage people to make changes
-build the team for change: put in peoples who have commitment to change and a range of skills
-have a vision: establish a vision of what is to be achieved
-communicate: use communication to get everyone to accept the change, involving as many people as possible in the changes
-employee action: remove things that stop change, reward and recognised employees change
-crest short term wins
-don’t give up: keep motivation
-make the changes stick: Don’t let things go back to old days
Why is kotters 8 step change model better then lewins
-provides clearer steps that can give guidance for the change processes
-east for managers to implement and understand
-more in depth
Limitations of kotters 8 step change model
-if people aren’t on board of change, how does a business react to this
-large amount of steps, lengthy to accomplish
-steps can’t be skipped
What is the benefits of strong leadership and successful management when coming to change
-get people ok board
-creates a clear vision
-aligns organisation to achieve change
-anticipates and responds to problems
-ensures resources are in place
What are change consultants
An outside consultant hired to plan and implement change within an organisation
Benefits of hiring an external change agency
Agents will have expertise
-negative publicity reduced
-customers not unconvinced
-saves leaders time
-external view point
Drawbacks of hiring an external change agency
-don’t have working knowledge and understanding of company culture
-the company has to maintain momentum after the change agent leaves
-might not be acceptable by the employees
