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FRENCH WINE SCHOLAR > Champagne > Flashcards

Champagne Flashcards

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1
Q

How many kings were crowned in the Cathedral of Reims?

A

27

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2
Q

How were Champagne wines known in the 9th century?

A

Vins de la Montagne and Vins de la Riviére

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3
Q

What was the first Champagne House

A

Ruinart

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4
Q

What is the name of the Champagne classification?

A

Echelle des Crus

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5
Q

When did Champagne enter its golden age?

A

1920s

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6
Q

What can regions outside of Champagne use to indicate the use of the Method Champegnois?

A

Méthode traditionnelle

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7
Q

What is the most northerly of all French wine regions?

A

Champagne

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8
Q

Where is Champagne located?

A

49 and 49.5 parallel north

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9
Q

What is the climate in Champagne?

A

Dual: Continental and Maritime

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10
Q

Primary soils of Champagne?

A

Belemnite and Micraster Chalk

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11
Q

What are the growing areas with chalk sub-soil called?

A

Dry Champagne. Top soil does not retain moisture

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12
Q

What is Marl?

A

Limestone and clay soils

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13
Q

Where is Kimmeridgian Marl found?

A

Cotes de Bar

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14
Q

What are the soils of the Cote de Sezanne?

A

chalk and clay

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15
Q

What is the preferred chalk soil in France?

A

Belemnite

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16
Q

Where is Chalk Found in Champagne?

A

Montagne de Reims and Monts de Berru, Coteaux sud d’Epernay, Cotes de Blancs and surroundings and Montgeux

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17
Q

What is chalk?

A

Type of limestone with water retention capacity

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18
Q

Marl soils are common in?

A

Montagne de Reims, Val du Reims, Vallée de l Marne, and Val de Petit Morin

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19
Q

What is Kimmeridgian Marl?

A

Marl with fossils of oysters

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20
Q

Val de Reims and Vallee de la Marne contain which soils?

A

Marl, sand and clay

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21
Q

Val du Petit Morin soils?

A

Chalk and clay, marls and sands

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22
Q

Grande Montagne de Reims is mostly planted to?

A

Pinot Noir

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23
Q

Massif de Saint-Thierry is dominated by?

A

Pinot Meunier

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24
Q

Monts de Berru is dominated by?

A

Chardonnay

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25
Q

Val de Reims dominated by?

A

Pinot Meunier

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26
Q

Grand Vallée de la Marne dominated by?

A

Pinot Noir

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27
Q

Coteaux Sud d’Epernay is dominated by?

A

Chardonnay and Pinot Meunier

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28
Q

Rive Gauche is dominated by?

A

Pinot Meunier

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29
Q

Rive Doit is dominated by?

A

Pinot Meunier

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30
Q

Condé is dominated by?

A

Pinot Meunier

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31
Q

Valle de la Marne Ouest dominated by?

A

Pinot Meunier

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32
Q

What grape dominates the Cote des Blancs?

A

Chardonnay

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33
Q

Vals du Petit Morin dominated by?

A

Chardonnay and Pinot Meunier

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34
Q

Cotes de Sezzane are planted to?

A

Chardonnay

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35
Q

Vitry le Francois planted to?

A

Chardonnay

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36
Q

Montgeux planted to?

A

Chardonnay and Pinot Noir

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37
Q

Bar sur Aubois plantings?

A

Pinot Noir on Kimmeridgian Marl

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38
Q

Barsequanais how many river valleys?

A

5

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39
Q

Plantings of the Barsequanais?

A

Pinot Noir on Kimmeridgian Marl

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40
Q

What were the principal grapes of early Champagne?

A

Gouais Blanc and Noir and Fromentau

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41
Q

What is a synonym por Fromentau?

A

Pinot Gris

42
Q

What are the primary grapes of Champagne today?

A

Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and Pinot Meunier

43
Q

What is the ancestral fermentation?

A

A single fermentation that undergoes a winter pause

44
Q

Who crafted the first sparkling wine?

A

Monks of St. Hilaire (Languedoc)

45
Q

What were the challenges of the rural method?

A

Vignerons could not control the nature of the wine that would emerge each spring. Cloudiness

46
Q

What is the champagne process?

A
  1. Grapes are hand-harvested and fermented into still wine
  2. Wine is blended with other still wines to create a house style and with liqueur de tirage- assemblage
  3. Second fermentation happens in the bottle
  4. Remuage
  5. Dégorgement
47
Q

What is a cuvée

A

Blend

48
Q

Name residual sugar from lowest to highest

A 
Brut Nature (no dosage) 0-0.3%
Extra Brut 0-0.6%
Brut 0-1.2%
Extra Sec (dry) 1.2-1.7%
Dry (sec) 1.7%-3.2%
Demi-sec 3.2-5%
Doux (over 5%)
49
Q

Are the grapes picked with less sugar in Champagne?

A

True

50
Q

Why do Champagne houses blend?

A

Consistency

51
Q

What is Tirage?

A

Bottling

52
Q

What is liqueur de tirage?

A

Yeast and sugar mixed into the cuvee before bottling

53
Q

What are lattes

A

Thin strips of wood in the cellar that separate the bottles during bottle fermentation. Storage sur lattes

54
Q

What is the Prise de Mousse

A

Seizing of the foam. Second fermentation

55
Q

What is sur lie aging

A

aging with dead yeast cells

56
Q

Aging requirements for NV champagne

A

min. of 12 months on the lees and 15 months on the cellar from bottling (tirage) to release

57
Q

Aging for Vintage Champagne

A

3 years in the cellar

58
Q

What is Remuage?

A

Riddling of the bottles from vertical to the horizontal position

59
Q

Who is Remuage credited to?

A

Veuve Cliquot widow. She invented the A shape riddling rack

60
Q

What is Dom Perignon credited for?

A

The Cuvee

61
Q

What is pupitre?

A

A shape riddling rack

62
Q

What do mechanized gyropalettes do?

A

Riddling

63
Q

What is Dégorgement?

A

Yeast is chilled, collects in the neck of the bottle, turns into an ice plug and is then ejected

64
Q

What is transversage?

A

750 ml bottles used to fill bigger bottles (for large format bottles only)

65
Q

What is a la volée?

A

The traditional method of disgorgement. Wine is not chilled and is removed by hand.

66
Q

What is juponé

A

skirt or mushroom-shaped cork- first few years when released from the bottle

67
Q

What is an older cork when releases?

A

peg-shaped. Chevillé

68
Q

Who invented the cork?

A

Spanish

69
Q

Who manufactured a product that would withstand 6 atmospheres pressure?

A

English

70
Q

How many AOCs in Champagne?

A

3 two still and one sparkling

71
Q

What are the Champagne region AOCs?

A

AOC Champagne (sparkling) AOC Coteaux Champenois (still), Rosé des Ricesys (still)

72
Q

AOC Champagne

A

100% sparkling, methode champenois

73
Q

What white grapes can be used in AOC Coteaux Champenois?

A

Chardonnay, pinot blanc, pinot gris, arbanne, petit meslier

74
Q

What red grapes can be used in AOC Coteaux Champenois?

A

Pinot Meunier, Pinot Noir

75
Q

Most of the wine in AOC Coteaux Champenoi is?

A

Non-vintage and white. Red and rosé also produced

76
Q

What is the principal grape for Rosé des Riceys?

A

Pinot Noir

77
Q

What is the Rosé des Riceys area?

A

Les Riceys in the Aube (Barséquanais)

78
Q

What does the Echelle des Crus do?

A

Rank villages and vineyards

79
Q

Eschelle des Crus ranking

A

100% Grand Cru
90-99% Premier Cru
80-89% AOC elegible for Champagne production

80
Q

Does Grand Cru signify a single vineyard?

A

No

81
Q

Is the Eschelle still used to set prices for grapes?

A

Not since 2003

82
Q

What is Vintage Champagne

A

Only crafted in good vintages

83
Q

What is non-vintage champagne

A

House style through multiple vintages

84
Q

What is a Tete de Cuvee

A

Prestige bottlings, non-plus ultra

85
Q

What is Blanc de Noir?

A

White sparkling made from black grapes (Pinot Noir and/or Pinot Meunier)

86
Q

What is Blanc the Blanc?

A

A white sparkling made from white grapes (Chardonnay)

87
Q

What is RD or Late discorged?

A

Prolonged aging on the lees

88
Q

What is NM on Champagne label?

A

Negociant-manipulant. Producers that incorporate grapes from others. Big Champagne houses

89
Q

What is RM on Champagne label?

A

Recolant-manipulant. Vinifies only his own grapes

90
Q

What is RC on Champagne label?

A

Recoltant cooperateur- affiliated with cooperative cellar

91
Q

What is SR on Champagne label?

A

Group of growers who jointly vinify and sell one communal or several communical brands

92
Q

What is CM on Champagne label?

A

Cooperative de Manipulation: cooperative cellar that vinifies the grapes of its member growers

93
Q

What is MA on Champagne label?

A

Marque auxiliauire- Private label

94
Q

What is ND on Champagne label?

A

Negociant distribuiter- Purchases wine and distributes it under its own private label

95
Q

Most widely planted grape in Champagne?

A

Pinot Noir

96
Q

What is assemblage in Champagne?

A

Assemblage is the blending of various non vintage fermented base wines to create the taste that will become the unique cuvee

97
Q

What is the climate in Champagne?

A

Continental with Maritime/Atlantic influences

98
Q

Cotes de Blancs is planted to

A

Chardonnay

99
Q

Cotes de Sezzane is planted to

A

Chardonnay

100
Q

Valle de la Marne is planted to

A

Pinot Meunier

101
Q

Cotes de Bar is planted to

A

Pinot Noir

102
Q

Champagne sub-region located in Aube?

A

Cotes de Bar

FRENCH WINE SCHOLAR (5 decks)

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