Champagne Flashcards by c v

Location

Northern France

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Climate

cool continental

- frost and freezes serious hazard

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Soils

Chalk
Limestone
Marl
Sand
- all low nutrient!

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Classifications

Crus
Grand - 17 villages
Premier - 44 villages
Based on the echelles des crus pricing scheme
- price fixing

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Grapes

Pinot Noir
Meunier
Chardonnay
Arbanne
Petit Meslier
Pinot Blanc
Pinot Gris

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Sub-regions

Montagne De Reims
Cote des Blancs
Vallee de la Marne
Cote de Sezanne
Cote des Bar

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Pruning

Taille Chablis
- chardonnay
Cordon de Royat
Guyot (single and double)
- cane
Vallee de la Marne (only for Meunier)
- except guyot, all about wood
-- frost resistance

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Harvest Date

set by Comite Champagne

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Minimum Potential alcohol

set by Comite Champagne

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Harvest method

By hand

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Juice Yield

coquard press
25.5hL / 4000kg -> 63.75L / 100kg
4000kg -> a 'marc'
First 20.5 hL -> cuvee
next 5hL -> Taille

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Rose Methods

maceration

or blending

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Vintages

allowed
100% of year
no more than 80% of harvest can be vintaged

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Maturation and Storage

12 months minimum lees NV
15 months before release NV

36 months minimum lees NV
36 months before release V

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label: Premier Cru

made complete from grapes of premier crus, and/or grand cru villages

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label: Grand Cru

made only from grand cru village fruit

label: non-vintage (NV)

usual case, wine potentially from multiple vintages

- house style

label: Vintage

wine of a single year

label: RD

recently disgorged, trademark of Bollinger

vintage wine, with extended lees aging

Prestige Cuvee

generalyl the best of a producer

Producer Classifications

NM - negociant manipulant - a house
RM - recoltant manipulant - grower producer
SR - societe de recoltants - two or more growers, share winery
CM - cooperative manipulant - coop
RC - recoltant cooperateur - grower, sells wine made by a coop
ND - negociant distributeur - broker, buy/sell finished wine
MA - marque d`acheteur - brand owned by restaurant, retailer

Bollinger

Founded 1829 by german, Jacques Bollinger
Lot of Oak use, old barrels, 6-7 months base wine
oxidative
significant land holdings
hold reserve wines in magnums 5-7 years
- small dosage, 1.5atm
changed bottle shape to slow oxidation
- smaller neck/head space to body
Make a 100% pinot from en foile, ungrafted plants
prestige
- Vieille Vignes Françaises

Dom Perignon

Owned by Moet Chandon, part of LVMH
first prestige cuvee, in 1936
- of moet and chandon
same source of grapes each year
rigourous selection
man credited for blending
- and pressing technique for whites from black grapes
50/50 chard. / pinot

Krug

owned by LVMH
1842 krug, left Jacquesson
eric lebel, current wine maker
Use of MV - multivintage
Grand cuvee is given precedent over vintages
clos du mesnil
clos d'ambonnay
Used to be family centric
very high prices, tight selection, trend towards organic
fermented in barriques
rapid first fermentation, no malo. intended
grande cuvee composed of35-50% reserve wine
dosage is the same wine
Prestige cuvee
- grand cuvee ( it's normal)
- Clos du Mesnil -> single plot
- Clod d'Ambonnay -> single plot

Pol Roger

Pol Roger founded house at 19yrs of age Family in Epernay through ww2, story about mayor Success comes from expert blending At least two members of family required to approve blend reserve wines in concrete double old settling - no filteration needed on base wines Cooler cellars than others -> slower secondary prestige cuvee - cuvee sir winston churchill

Louis Roederer

Prestige cuvee -> Cristal - originally produced for tzars, very sweet - produced only from their land Took over russian market 70% of their own fruit "quality over appearance"

Moet & Chandon

``` largest producer - 30M bottles owns > 1000ha style is 'approachable' - for wider market appeal Introducing Mytik closure history of good marketting - Napoleon Dom Perignon in 1936 ```

Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin

``` LVMH est. 1772, Philippe Clicquot Murion Originally family business in fabrics, and banking overly polished brand recently started using oak foudres vintages considered better than prestige credited with inventing riddling, disgorement, dosage process prestige cuvee - la grand dame ```

LVMH owns:

``` Krug Mercier Moet & Chandon Montaudon Ruinart Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin ```

Name of press used

Coquard

disgorgement a la glace

Belgian | Almand Walfart, 1884

Montagne de Reims

``` Northern most of subregions Pinot Noir 40% Pinot Meunier 36% Chardonnay 20% North side: Verzy Verzenay Mailly-Champagne South Side: Ambonnay Bouzy Louvois ```

Vallee de la Marne

``` To the west South facing slopes -> ripest Pinot Meunier 62% Pinot Noir 22% Chardonnay 16% ``` Ay-Champagne Tours-Sur-Marne

Cote de Blanc

East facing slopes, south of Epernay Chardonnay ``` Chouilly Cramant Avize Oger Le Mesnil-sur-oger ```

Cote de Sezanne

Chardonnay 64% Meunier 21% Pinot Noir 15%

Cote de Bar

Pinor Noir 87% Chardonnay 7% Meunier 5% *Hill of Montgueux -> top tier chard.