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Champagne & Bubble > Champagne > Flashcards

Champagne Flashcards

1
Q

What are the tree AOPs of Champagne region in France ?

A
  • Champagne AOP
  • Coteaux Champenois AOP
  • Rosé des Riceys AOP
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2
Q

What are the three ‘Champagne Crus’ status of Champagne region ?

A
  • Champagne Grand Cru Villages
  • Champagne Premier Cru Villages
  • Champagne Special Club
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3
Q

How many Grand Cru Villages there is in Champagne AOP ?

A
  • 17
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4
Q

How many Premier Cru Villages there is in Champagne AOP ?

A
  • 42
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5
Q

How many house there is in the Champagne Special Club (Club Trésors de Champagne) ?

A
  • 25
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6
Q

When was established the Special Club of Champagne AOP ?

A
  • 1971
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7
Q

True or False ? Only RM (Récoltant Manipulant) can join the Special Club of Champagne.

A
  • True
  • The Champagne must be made exclusively from grapes harvested in his, or her, own vineyard
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8
Q

Name 5 members of the Champagne Special Club.

A
  • Paul Bara (Bouzy)
  • Roland Champion (Chouilly)
  • Charlier et Fils (Montigny-sous-Châtillon)
  • Gaston Chiquet (Dizy)
  • Duménil (Chigny-les-Roses)
  • Forget-Chemin (Ludes)
  • Fresnet-Juillet (Verzy)
  • Pierre Gimonnet et Fils (Cuis)
  • Henri Goutorbe (Aÿ)
  • Grongnet (Etoges)
  • Marc Hébrart (Mareuil-sur-Aÿ)
  • Hervieux-Dumez (Sacy)
  • Vincent Joudart (Fèrebrianges)
  • Juillet-Lallement (Verzy)
  • Larmandier Père et Fils (Cuis)
  • J. Lassalle (Chigny-les-Roses)
  • Pertois-Moriset (Le Mesnil-sur-Oger)
  • Joseph Loriot-Pagel (Festigny)
  • A. Margaine (Villers Marmery)
  • Rémy Massin et Fils (Ville-sur-Arce)
  • José Michel et Fils (Moussy)
  • Nominé-Renard (Villevenard)
  • Salmon (Chaumuzy)
  • Sanchez-Le Guédard (Cumières)
  • Vazart-Coquart et Fils (Chouilly)
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9
Q

Name the 7 allowed grape varietals for producing Champagne AOP wines.

A
  • Pinot Noir
  • Chardonnay
  • Pinot Meunier
  • Pinot Blanc
  • Pinot Gris
  • Arbane
  • Petit Meslier
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10
Q

What is the minimum potential alcohol for a Champagne AOP wine ?

A
  • 9%
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11
Q

What is the maximum residual sugar content for a Champagne AOP (base wine) ?

A
  • 10 g/L.
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12
Q

What is the maximum of a year’s harvest that can be sold sold as vintage Champagne ?

A
  • 80%
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13
Q

True or False ? Even the liqueur de tirage & expedition must contain 100% of declared vintage.

A
  • False
  • Vintage-dated wines must contain 100% of a stated vintage (with the exception of wine and products contained in the liqueur de tirage or the liqueur d’expédition)
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14
Q

What is the maximum vine density (maximum space between vine rows) of Champagne AOP ?

A
  • 2,5 m² per vine
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15
Q

Which training method is only permitted for Meunier ?

A
  • Vallée de la Marne
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16
Q

What is the maximum press yield for Champagne AOP ?

A
  • 102 liters / 160 kg
  • Additional pressed juice is rebêche, or the “end of pressing”, and must account for 0-10% of the total.
  • This may only be used for distillation.
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17
Q

When was established the Champagne AOP ?

A
  • 1936
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18
Q

Sweetness level range for ‘Doux’ ?

A
  • 50+ g/L.
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19
Q

Sweetness level range for ‘ Demi-Sec’ ?

A
  • 32-50 g/L.
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20
Q

Sweetness level range for ‘Sec’ ?

A
  • 17-32 g\L.
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21
Q

Sweetness level range for ‘Extra Dry’ ?

A
  • 12-17 g/L.
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22
Q

Sweetness level range for ‘Brut’ ?

A
  • 0-12 g/L.
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23
Q

Sweetness level range for ‘Extra Brut’ ?

A
  • 0-6 g/L.
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24
Q

Sweetness level range for ‘Brut Nature’ ?

A
  • 0-3 g/L.
  • Brut Nature wines may not contain any added dosage. Equivalent terms include Non-Dosé, Brut Sauvage, Ultra Brut, Dosage Zéro, Sans Sucre, Pas Dosé.
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25
Q

In Champagne, which varietal is sometimes called ‘L’enfumé’ ?

A
  • Pinot Gris
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26
Q

When was created ‘L’Union des Maison des Vins de Champagne’ ?

A
  • 1882
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27
Q

True or Flase ? A ‘Blanc de Blancs’ is made exclusively of Chardonnay ?

A
  • False
  • Can be made of any white varietals allowed in Champagne (as a single cuvée or blend)
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28
Q

True or False ? A vintage-dated bottle of champagne, must also print the vintage on the cork ?

A
  • True
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29
Q

In which region of Champagne can we find the Grand Cru Villages ; Bouzy & Sillery ?

A
  • Montagne de Reims
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30
Q

In which region of Champagne can we find the Grand Cru Villages ; Puisieulx – Beaumont-Sur-Vesles – Louvois ?

A
  • Montagne de Reims
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31
Q

In which region of Champagne can we find the Grand Cru Villages Verzenay ?

A
  • Montagne de Reims
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32
Q

In which region of Champagne can we find the Grand Cru Villages Mailly-Champagne & Verzy ?

A
  • Montagne de Reims
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33
Q

In which region of Champagne can we find the Grand Cru Villages Ambonnay ?

A
  • Montagne de Reims
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34
Q

In which region of Champagne can we find the Grand Cru Villages Aÿ ?

A
  • Vallée de la Marne
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35
Q

In which region of Champagne can we find the Grand Cru Villages Chouilly ?

A
  • Côte des Blancs
  • Formerly for white only
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36
Q

In which region of Champagne can we find the Grand Cru Villages Tours-sur-Marne ?

A
  • Montagne de Reims
  • Formerly for red only
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37
Q

In which region of Champagne can we find the Grand Cru Villages Oiry ?

A
  • Côte des Blancs
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38
Q

In which region of Champagne can we find the Grand Cru Villages Cramant ?

A
  • Côte des Blancs
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39
Q

In which region of Champagne can we find the Grand Cru Villages Avize ?

A
  • Côte des Blancs
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40
Q

In which region of Champagne can we find the Grand Cru Villages Oger & Mesnil-sur-Oger ?

A
  • Côte des Blancs
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41
Q

When, and why, was created the ‘Interprofession des Vins de Champagne’ ?

A
  • Est. 1941
  • Resist the Nazis
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42
Q

Name five Montagne de Reims Premier Cru Villages ?

A
  • Bezannes
  • Billy-le-Grand
  • Chamery
  • Chigny-les-Roses
  • Cormontreuil
  • Coulommes-la-Montagne
  • Écueil
  • Jouy-lès-Reims
  • Ludes
  • Les Mesneux
  • Montbré
  • Pargny-lès-Reims
  • Rilly-la-Montagne
  • Sacy
  • Sermiers
  • Taissy
  • Tauxières-Mutry
  • Trépail
  • Trois-Puits
  • Vaudemange
  • Villers-Allerand
  • Villers-aux-Nœuds
  • Ville-Dommange
  • Villers-Marmery
  • Vrigny
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43
Q

Name five Vallée de la Marne Premier Cru Villages ?

A
  • Avenay-Val-d’Or
  • Bisseuil
  • Champillon
  • Cumières
  • Dizy
  • Hautvillers
  • Mareuil-sur-Aÿ
  • Mutigny
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44
Q

Name five Côte des Blancs Premier Cru Villages ?

A
  • Bergères-lès-Vertus
  • Cuis
  • Étréchy
  • Grauves
  • Pierry
  • Val-des-Marais (Coligny)
  • Vertus
  • Villeneuve-Renneville-Chevigny
  • Voipreux
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45
Q

What is the Prestige cuvées of Ayala (NM) ?

A
  • “Cuvée Perle d’Ayala”
  • Brut and Nature
  • 80% Chardonnay, 20 % Pinot Noir
  • Located in Aÿ
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46
Q

What is the Prestige cuvées of Billecart-Salmon (NM) ?

A
  • Nicolas François Billecart - (1964)
  • Grande Cuvée – (1982)
  • Elisabeth Salmon – (1988)
  • All majority of Pinot Noir (60%) + Chardonnay (40%)
  • Clos St-Hilaire (100 % Pinot Noir)
  • Located in Mareuil-sur-Aÿ
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47
Q

What are the Prestige cuvées of Bollinger (NM) ?

A
  • La Grande Année
  • R.D. – (1952)
  • Vieilles Vignes Françaises – (1969)
  • Located in Aÿ
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48
Q

Who produce Prestige Cuvée ‘Joyau de France’ (Brut and Brut Rosé) ?

A
  • Boizel (NM)
  • Located in Épernay, 1961
  • Pinot Noir + Chardonnay
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49
Q

What is the Prestige Cuvée of Canard Duchêne (NM) ?

A
  • Charles VII
  • Non-Vintage
  • Brut, Brut Rosé, Blanc de Blancs, and Blanc de Noirs
  • Located in Ludes
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50
Q

What is the Prestige Cuvée of Deutz (NM) ?

A
  • Cuvée William Deutz (Blanc and Rosé, 3 main grapes) - 1959
  • Amour de Deutz (Blanc is chardonnay and Rosé is 3 grapes) - 1993
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51
Q

Where is located Drappier (NM) ? What is the Prestige Cuvée ?

A
  • Located in Urville, Aube
  • Est. 1808
  • Charles de Gaulle – 1990
  • Grande Sendrée
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52
Q

Who produce Prestige Cuvée ‘Femme de Champagne’ ?

A
  • Duval-Leroy (NM)
  • Inaugural 1990
  • Located in Vertus
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53
Q

What is the Prestige Cuvée of Gosset (NM) ?

A
  • Celebris
  • Blanc de Blancs NV, Vintage Extra Brut Rosé and Vintage Extra Brut
  • Inaugural 1988
  • Located in Épernay since 2010 (before was in Aÿ)
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54
Q

What is the Prestige cuvée of Charles Heidsieck (NM) ?

A
  • Champagne Charlie
  • Blanc des Millénaires (100% Chardonnay)
  • Located in Reims
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55
Q

What is the Prestige cuvée of Henriot (NM) ?

A
  • Cuvée des Enchanteleurs (discontinued after 2000)
  • Hemera (since 2005)
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56
Q

Who produce Prestige Cuvée ‘Noble Cuvée’ ?

A
  • Lanson (NM)
  • Located in Reims
  • Brut, Blc de blc, NV Rosé
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57
Q

Who produce Prestige Cuvée ‘Grand Siècle’ and ‘Alexandra’ ?

A
  • Laurent-Perrier (NM)
  • Located in Tours-sur-Marne
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58
Q

What is the Prestige cuvée of Moët & Chandon (NM) ?

A
  • Dom Pérignon
  • Dom Pérignon Plénitude P1
  • Dom Pérignon Plénitude P2
  • Dom Pérignon Plénitude P3
  • (Dom Pérignon Oenothèque rebranded as Plénitude P1, P2, P3 as of 2014)
  • All wines are Vintage and made in both Brut/Brut Rosé
  • Made of Chardonnay & Pinot Noir
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59
Q

What is the difference between the 3 Dom Pérignon Plénitude cuvées ?

A
  • Plénitude line are based on different aging of the wines
  • P1 = 8-9 yrs min.
  • P2 = 15 yrs min.
  • P3 = 25 to 40 yrs
  • Most bottles of Dom Pérignon are first-release bottles, but if a bottle has “P2” or “P3” on the foil, you’ll know that it’s a second or third plénitude release, respectively.
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60
Q

Who produce the Prestige Cuvée ‘Nec-Plus-Ultra’ ?

A
  • Bruno Paillard (NM)
  • Inaugural 1990
  • Chardonnay + Pinot Noir
  • Located in Reims
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61
Q

Who produce ‘Cuvée Joséphine’ ?

A
  • Joseph-Perrier (NM)
  • Châtons-en-Champagne
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62
Q

What was the USA name of the Perrier-Jouët (NM) Prestige Cuvée ‘Belle Époque’ ?

A
  • Fleur de Champagne (last was 2002)
  • Brut, Brut Rosé, Blc de blc
  • Belle Époque inaugural 1964
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63
Q

What is the Inaugural vintage of Prestige cuvée ‘Winston Churchill’ by Pol Roger (NM) ?

A
  • 1975
  • Located in Épernay
  • Pinot Noir + Chardonnay
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64
Q

What is the Prestige cuvée of Pommery (NM) ?

A
  • Cuvée Louise
  • Brut and Brut Rosé
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65
Q

What is the blend for Prestige cuvée ‘Cristal’ by Roederer (NM) ?

A
  • Pinot Noir 55 %
  • Chardonnay 45 %
  • Brut and Brut Rosé
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66
Q

What is Prestige cuvée of Ruinart (NM) ?

A
  • Dom Ruinart
  • Blc de blc and Rosé
  • Chardonnay 85% + Pinot Noir 15%
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67
Q

True or False ? The Prestige Cuvée of Taittinger (NM), Comtes de Champagne, is firstly aged in oak prior to ‘prise de mousse’.

A
  • False
  • Also ‘Taittinger Collection’ as a Prestige Cuvée (50% PN + Chardo)
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68
Q

Who produce Prestige Cuvée ‘Substance’ ?

A
  • Jacques Selosse (RM)
  • Located in Avize
  • The Substance is non-vintage
  • Chardonnay 100 %
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69
Q

Who produce Prestige Cuvée ‘Cuvée Spéciale les Chétillons’ ?

A
  • Pierre Peters (RM)
  • Located in Mesnil-sur-Oger
  • Chardonnay 100 %
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70
Q

Who produce Prestige Cuvée ‘Clos des Goisses’ ?

A
  • Philiponnat (NM)
  • Located in Mareuil-sur-Aÿ
  • PN 70 % + Chardo 30 %
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71
Q

What is the Prestige cuvée of Krug (NM) ?

A
  • Clos du Mesnil – Chardonnay 100%
  • Clos d’Ambonnay – Pinot Noir 100%
  • Located in Reims
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72
Q

What is the style of Les Crayères cuvée of Egly-Ouriet (RM) ?

A
  • Non-Vintage
  • Pinot Noir 100 %
  • Located in Ambonnay
  • Inaugural 1989
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73
Q

What is the Prestige cuvées of Agrapart (RM) ?

A
  • Vénus (Brut Nature)
  • Expérience (Brut Nature)
  • Chardonnay 100 %
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74
Q

True or False ? For the Rosé des Riceys AOP, wines are vinified as whole bunchs (semi-carbonic).

A
  • True
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75
Q

How many bottle a gyropalette contain ?

A
  • 504
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76
Q

Which grape variety is usually the first one to bud in Champagne ?

A
  • Chardonnay
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77
Q

What’s the name of the traditional press in Champagne ?

How much quantity of grapes can it hold (maximum capacity) ?

A
  • Coquard
  • 4000 kg
78
Q

What is the maximum yield (rendement de base) of Champagne (2022) ?

A
  • 12 400 kg/ha
  • 78 hl/ha
79
Q

Who produced the first known rosé Champagne ?

A
  • Ruinart
  • Oeil de Perdrix Mousseux
  • 1764
80
Q

True of False ? A producer can sell all the wine from a single year as Vintage Champagne.

A
  • False
  • Maximum 80%, 20% must be conserved for the future blending of non- vintage cuvée
81
Q

How much liter a Salmanazar bottle can contain ?

A
  • 9 L.
82
Q

Where is located Pierre Gimonnet winery ?

A
  • Cuis
  • Côte des Blancs
83
Q

Between Chouilly, Oiry and Cramant, which Grand Cru is the closest from Épernay ?

A
  • Chouilly
84
Q

From which Grand Cru comes the grapes of Jacques Selosse’ ‘Substance’ cuvée ?

A
  • Avize
85
Q

What are the four villages where Chardonnay is the main grape variety in Montagne de Reims ?

A
  • Trépail
  • Villers-Marmery
  • Billy-le-Grand
  • Vaudemanges
86
Q

Which important producer is in Montgueux ?

A
  • Jacques Lassaigne
87
Q

What is the first official vintage de Salon?

A

1921

88
Q

What are the regions that produce Rosé des Riceys ?

A
  • Ricey Bas
  • Ricey Haut
  • Ricey Haute Rive
89
Q

In Champagne, what are the two best vintages between 2010-2011-2012-2013 ?

A
  • 2012
  • 2013
90
Q

In Champagne. What is the best vintage between 2007, 2008, 2009 ?

A
  • 2008
91
Q

Who is renowned to be the first grower Champagne?

A

Gaston Chiquet

92
Q

Name the region of these premiers crus villages :

  • Cuis
  • Cumières
  • Trépail
  • Dizy
  • Pierry
  • Ludes
  • Villers-Marmery
  • Hautvillers
  • Vertus
  • Grauves
A
  • Cuis - Côte des blancs
  • Cumières- Grande Vallée de la Marne
  • Trépail - Montagne de Reims
  • Dizy - Grande Vallée de la Marne
  • Pierrry - Côte des blancs
  • Ludes - Montagne de Reims
  • Villers-Marmery - Montagne de Reims
  • Hautvillers - Grande Vallée de la Marne
  • Vertus - Côte des Blancs
  • Grauves - Côte des Blancs
93
Q

Which producer from Club Trésors association is located in Villers-Marmery?

A

A. Margaine

94
Q

Since 2000, three vintages has been considered historical because the harvest occurs extremely early (August), which vintages is it?

A

2003 - 2007 - 2011

95
Q

What’s the size of a traditional barrel in Champagne ?

Famous producer who is still using this type of barrel ?

A
  • 205 L
  • Krug
96
Q

What are the two single vineyard used in Vieilles Vignes Françaises cuvée ?

A
  • Chaudes Terres
  • Clos St. Jacques
97
Q

In which Champagne Grand Cru village is located the Montaigu lieu-dit ?

A
  • Chouilly, Côte des blancs
98
Q

Who is the first certified organic producer in Champagne ?

A

Duval-Leroy

99
Q

Who is the first certified Biodynamic producer in Champagne ?

A

Fleury

100
Q

Who is the producer of those cuvées :

  • Corne Bautray
  • Champs Caïn
  • Vauzelle Terme
  • Terres Rouges
A
  • Jacquesson
101
Q

What’s the single vineyard cuvée of Taittinger ?

A
  • Folie de la Marquetterie
102
Q

What are the four training systems allowed in Champagne ?

A
  • Chablis
  • Cordon de Royat
  • Guyot
  • Vallée de la Marne (Meunier only)
103
Q

What are the two types of Cretaceous Chalk found in Champagne ?

A
  • Belemnite
  • Micraster
104
Q

What are the two types of disgorging method ?

A
  • À la glace
  • À la volée
105
Q

In which Grand Cru village is located Les Chétillons ?

A
  • Mesnil-sur-Oger
106
Q

In which region is located the Butte de Saran ?

A
  • Côte des Blancs, between Chouilly and Cramant
107
Q

Who is considered as the oldest house to produce wine in Champagne ?

Who is considered as the oldest house to produce sparkling wine in Champagne ?

A
  • Gosset, 1584, 1st producer of still wine
  • Ruinart, 1729, 1st to produce sparkling wine
108
Q

What grape variety is also known as Morillon and Auvernat in Champagne ?

A
  • Chardonnay
109
Q

Match the producers with a village :

Taittinger
Pommery
Philipponnat
Drappier
Pierre Peters
Pierre Gimonnet
Bollinger
Larmandier Bernier
Egly-Ouriet
Louis Roederer

Vertus
Ambonnay
Reims
Mareuil-sur-Aÿ
Urville
Mesnil-sur-oger
Cuis
Aÿ

A

Taittinger Reims
Pommery Reims
Philipponnat Mareuil-sur-Aÿ
Drappier Urville
Pierre Peters Mesnil-sur-oger
Pierre Gimonnet Cuis
Bollinger Aÿ
Larmandier Bernier Vertus
Egly-Ouriet Ambonnay
Louis Roederer Reims

110
Q

Match the producers with a cuvée :

Les Chétillons
Trop m’en Faut
B13
Comtes de Champagne
Nec-Plus-Ultra
Blanc des Millénaires
Clos St-Hilaire
Vieilles Vignes Francaises
Clos d’ambonnay
Grand Siècle
Coeur de Cuvée

Bollinger
Taittinger
Bruno Paillard
Laurent-Perrier
Vilmart et Cie
Pierre Péters
Drappier
Charles Heidsieck
Billecart-Salmon
Bollinger
Krug

A
  • Les Chétillons - Pierre Péters
  • Trop m’en Faut - Drappier
  • B13 - Bollinger
  • Comtes de Champagne - Taittinger
  • Nec-Plus-Ultra - Bruno Paillard
  • Blanc des Millénaires - Charles Heidsieck
  • Clos St-Hilaire - Billecart-Salmon
  • Vieilles Vignes Francaises - Bollinger
  • Clos d’ambonnay - Krug
  • Grand Siècle - Laurent-Perrier
  • Coeur de Cuvée - Vilmart et Cie
111
Q

In what Grand cru village of Côte des blanc do we find Pinot Noir plantings ?

A
  • Chouilly
  • Oiry
112
Q

In which of those Premier cru villages of the montagne de Reims are we most likely to find blanc de blanc champagnes ?

  • Trépail
  • Chigny-les-roses
  • Rilly-la-montagne
A
  • Trépail
113
Q

What moderating body allows the northern part of the Grande montagne (montagne de Reims) to plant vineyards with a north facing exposure ?

A
  • Forêt de la montagne de Reims and the slopes act like a ‘’thermal Blanket’’, massing warm air at the top and moving cool air towards the bottom of the slope.
114
Q

What producer is known for a cuvée 100% Arbanne ?

A
  • Lucien Moutard
  • Olivier Horiot
115
Q
  • First single-vineyard cuvée of Champagne ?
A
  • Clos des Goisses by Philipponnat
  • 1935
116
Q

Latest release of :

  • Cristal
  • Dom Pérignon
A
  • Cristal 2014
  • Dom Pérignon 2013 (release is usually after 8-10 years)
117
Q

Rivers of Reims ?

A
  • Vesle
  • Marne
118
Q

What is the oldest vintage of the solera made ‘Substance’ cuvée by Jacques Selosse ?

A
  • 1987
119
Q

A Champagne containing 6g/L of residual sugar can be labeled as .. ?

A
  • Brut
  • Extra Brut
120
Q

Related to champagne, what is ‘rebêche’ ?

A
  • End of the press, must be between 1-10%, must be used only for distillation
121
Q

What is the winemaking process specific to making Rosé de Ricey AOP wine ?

Which grape varietels are permitted ?

A
  • Semi-Carbonic maceration
  • Pinot noir 100%
122
Q

What Champagne house founded … in England :

  • Domaine Evremond
  • Pinglestone
A
  • Taittinger
  • Pommery
123
Q

Is Hand-harvest mandatory in Champagne?

A
  • Yes
124
Q

Is it more likely to destem or not, grapes for Champagne?

A
  • Never destemmed, the fibrous material of the stems creates a network of canals through which the juice rapidly drains.
  • This is particularly advantageous for black grape varieties, as it helps avoid coloration
125
Q

What are the two training system allowed for premier and grand cru villages of Champagne?

A
  • Cordon (mainly Pinot noir)
  • Chablis (mainly Chardonnay)
126
Q

What is the only head-trained system allowed in Champagne?

A
  • Guyot
127
Q

In Champagne, speaking of ‘Diamant’, what do we refer to ?

A
  • Patented Diam process (Cork)
  • Among the dozens of technical corks, Mytik Diam is the gold standard in Champagne. It is made from microagglomerated cork that has been subjected to a supercritical CO2 extraction process to guarantee that it is TCA free, with uniform CO2 retention and oxygen ingress. This patented Diam process is called Diamant. In this process, as for all microagglomerate closures, the cork is crushed to reveal and remove the woody parts, lenticels, and other organic materials. The remaining cork is then ground into tiny particles so that all traces of TCA, its precursors, and other volatile compounds can be removed.
128
Q

Is chaptalizaion allowed in Champagne ?

A
  • Yes
129
Q

In Champagne, speaking of ‘vins Clairs’, what do we refer to ?

A
  • Wine from the 1st fermentation
  • The base still wine
130
Q

Name a Chamapgne House that keep its reserve wine in Magnums bottles.

A
  • Bollinger
  • AR Lenoble
131
Q

In Champagne, what is Bentonite used for ?

A
  • Finning agent
  • A naturally occurring clay
132
Q

In Champagne, speaking of ‘Remise en Cercles’, what do we refer to ?

A
  • In the rare cases when the secondary fermentation is ineffective, or when a batch of wine is technically correct but a decision has been made not to commercialize, the wine must be returned to the vat and reblended. French winemakers call this procedure remise en cercles (return to hoops), a reference to the hoops around a wooden barrel.
133
Q

The law requires Champagne be sold in the bottle in which it underwent its second fermentation. At what size of bottle this applies before we get to the exceptions to the rule ?

A
  • There are exceptions for bottles that are 375 milliliters or less (primarily for the lucrative airline market), and bottles that are larger in size than the Jeroboam (primarily for publicity events).
  • Such bottles are typically filled by transversage (or by transfer method), from a tank or through the process of decanting multiple smaller bottles.
134
Q

How much contain a Salmanazar bottle ?

A
  • 9 Liters
  • 12 bottles
135
Q

How much contain a Nebuchadnezzar bottle ?

A
  • 15 Liters
  • 20 bottles
136
Q

How much contain a Jeroboam bottle ?

A
  • 3 Liters
  • 4 bottles
137
Q

How much containt a Rehoboam bottle ?

A
  • 4,5 Liters
  • 6 bottles
  • Discontinued in 1989
138
Q

How much contain a Methuselah bottle ?

A
  • 6 Liters
  • 8 bottles
139
Q

How much contain a Balthazar bottle ?

A
  • 12 Liters
  • 16 bottles
140
Q

True or False ? Screwcaps are allowed for champagne bottle of 187ml.

A
  • True
141
Q

Why a wine in a Magnum bottle age more slowly than regular size bottle ?

A
  • The ratio of wine to oxygen is almost exactly double in a magnum
  • The yeast cells must convert twice as much sugar to alcohol in a magnum compared with a standard bottle, but with the equivalent oxygen availability.
142
Q

In Champagne, speaking of ‘Bidule’, what do we refer to ?

A
  • A small silicone pot that collects the sediment during riddling
  • Under the Crown Cap
143
Q

True or False ? In Champagne beets sugars is commonly used for the liqueur d’expédition.

A
  • True
144
Q

In Champagne, speaking of ‘Maillard reaction’, what do we refer to ?

A
  • Maillard reactions = between amino acids created during autolysis and fructose from the dosage
  • Not possible in brut nature styles unless the Champagne has sufficient residual sugar from the second fermentation
  • These biochemical interactions are responsible for many of the mellow, complex postdisgorgement aromas that appeal to drinkers of mature Champagne.
145
Q

True or False ? When the Club Trésors declare a vintage as being worthy of “Special Club” prestige cuvées, then each member has to produce a “Special Club’’ wine.

A
  • False
  • May decide individually wheter or not to produce a Special Club wine
146
Q

Dom Perignon has declared five vintages in a row (quite unusual). Can you name those vintages ?

A
  • 2002
  • 2003
  • 2004
  • 2005
  • 2006
147
Q

Dom Perignon has produced two vintages of Rosé where Blanc were not produced ; which ones ?

A
  • 1986
  • 2005
148
Q

1st release of Dom Pérignon Rosé ?

A
  • 1959
149
Q

How many grams of sugar is needed in liqueur de tirage to achieve 6 atm. ?

A
  • 24 grams of sugar
  • 4g of sugars = 1 atm.
150
Q

What is interesting about vintage 2008 of Salon Champagne ?

A
  • Produced in Magnums only
151
Q

What is the latest release of Salon Champagne ?
What is the first vintage ?

A
  • 2013
  • 1905 (Considered the 1st Blanc de Blancs Champagne)
152
Q

Who invented the champagne ‘Muselet’ in 1844 ?

A
  • Adolphe Jaquesson
153
Q

Grand Cru of Vallée de la Marne, Champagne (1) ?

A
  • Aÿ
154
Q

Grand Cru of Montagne de Reims, Champagne (10) ?

A
  • Sillery
  • Puisieulx
  • Beaumont-sur-Vesles
  • Verzenay
  • Mailly-Champagne
  • Verzy
  • Louvois
  • Bouzy
  • Ambonnay
  • Tours-sur-Marnes
155
Q

Grand Cru of Côtes des Blancs, Champagne (6) ?

A
  • Chouilly
  • Oiry
  • Cramant
  • Avize
  • Oger
  • Le Mesnil-sur-Oger
156
Q

Which of these villages has more Pinot Noir planting?
- Aÿ
- Chouilly
- Montgueux
- Vrigny

A
  • Aÿ
157
Q

What is the average vine density per hectare in Champagne?

A
  • 8000 vines per hectare
158
Q

What the term en foule refers to in viticulture? Which vineyard is renowned to use this method?

A
  • this term refers to a method of planting vines that relies on a layering system; these vineyards would have had a vine density of over 25 000 per hectare.
  • Clos Saint-Jacques, a walled vineyard in Aÿ owned by Bollinger
159
Q

What are the only head-trained system allowed in Champagne?

A
  • Guyot
160
Q

Which training method in the most important for Chardonnay in Champagne?

A
  • Chablis, it represent 90% of Chardonnay planting
161
Q

Explain the en blocage and réserve personnelle or réserve qualitative individuelle in Champagne

A
  • It is a proportion of a large harvest that is not immediately usable
  • It is basically Champagne strategic emergency stock
  • The reserves are not reserve wines kept for blending nonvintage cuvées, which are classified Champagne AOC. It is not classified as Champagne until it is authorized for use to combat a shortfall of small harvest (déblocage)
162
Q

Who control the maximum annual yield in Champagne?

A
  • Comité interprofessionnel du vin de Champagne (CIVC)
163
Q

Does a Champagne producer can harvest whenever he wants to?

A
  • No. Grapes cannot be picked until the annual ouverture de la vendange is published.
164
Q

For a grape in Champagne, to be considered acid ripe, what is the ratio of malic and tartaric?

A
  • 50/50
165
Q

Does Champagne grapes are destemmed?

A
  • No, always whole cluster. The fibrous material of the stems and stalks creates a network of canals through which the juice rapidly drains
  • It is particularly advantageous for black grapes, as it helps avoid coloration
166
Q

How producers in Champagne removed unwanted color from base wines?

A
  • Carbon
167
Q

What is the difference between Solera and Réserve Perpetuelle in Champagne?

A
  • Solera is a true fractional-blending system, where exactly the same volume is removed and replace with new wine each year
  • Réserve Perpetuelle the proportion will vary each year according to the size of the crop, although the amount added must be the same as the amount withdrawn
168
Q

How long usually a second fermentation last in Champagne?

A
  • Between three weeks and three months
169
Q

What is the most typical amount of sugar in a liqueur de tirage in Champagne?

A
  • 24 grams per liter, which provides a pressure of six atmosphère
170
Q

How much ABV is usually produced by the second fermentation?

A
  • 1.5%
171
Q

What is the most traditional fining agent for the liqueur de tirage in Champagne?

A
  • Bentonite
172
Q

What are the two ingredients allowed in liqueur d’expedition to prevent oxydation?

A
  • Ascorbic Acid
  • SO2
  • Sulfiscorbate is a blend of both
173
Q

Explain the process of jetting in Champagne

A
  • a precise amount of sulfited water is injected into the wine, exciting the CO2 ont the wine’s surface. The bubbles rise, pushing oxygen out of the bottle, and then the cork is inserted, compressing the CO2
  • this process help to prevent oxydation
174
Q

How is called the metal capsule that is installed on the top of the cork?

A
  • Plaque
175
Q

How is called the wire cage on a Champagne bottle?

A
  • Muselet or Muselet de fil de fer
176
Q

What is the Diam Champagne closure name?

A
  • Mytik Diam
177
Q

What are the five departments of Champagne?

A
  • Marne (66% of Champagne vineyard)
  • Aube
  • Aisne
  • Haute-Marne
  • Seine-et-Marne
178
Q

What are the three zones of Champagne?

A
  • Zone de l’élaboration (where it can be vinified)
  • Zone de production (the villages where the grapes are growing)
  • Zone parcellaire de production de raisins (the allowed delimited areas to grow vines within the allowed villages)
179
Q

What this logo refers to? Name a Champagne producer who use this logo

A
  • the Royal Warrant
  • it may only be granted if a business has supplied goods ans services to the Royal Household for at least five years to a named individual at a company, known as the Grantee

Nine Champagne houses are entitled to bear the Royal Warrant

  • Pol Roger
  • Lanson
  • Bollinger
  • Laurent-Perrier
  • Veuve-Clicquot
180
Q

Who is producing Palmes d’Or?

A
  • Nicolas Feuillatte
181
Q

Where was working Dom Pérignon?

A
  • Abbey de Hautvillers
    From 1668 until is death in 1715
182
Q

Who identified the relationship between sugar dans fermentation in a seminal 1801 work?

A
  • Jean-Antoine Chaptal
183
Q

In what year did the french government first delimitated the boundaries of the Champagne region? Why area was initially exclude?

A
  • 1908
  • Aube region
  • AOC since 1936
184
Q

True or false, Champagne remains the only AOC/AOP that does not need to include Appellation Contrôlée or Protégée on the label

A
  • True
185
Q

What is the first vintage of Dom Pérignon?

A
  • 1921, released in 1936
186
Q

When was practice of using recycled Parisian garbage to fertilize vineyards outlawed?

A
  • 1998
187
Q

What is a Bague Carré?

A
  • A square lip on the mouth of the bottle, used to secure the agrafe. It indicates that the Champagne was bottled with cork for its second fermentation
188
Q

What is a Bague Couronne?

A

A thin, rounded lip, seen on the tops of most Champagne bottle. The bague couronne secures the crown capsule in place for the second fermentation

189
Q

When was the Royal decree that permitted wine to be transported in a bottle issued?

A
  • May 25th 1728
190
Q

Where is located Clos St Hilaire?

A
  • Mareuil sur Aÿ

Champagne & Bubble (2 decks)

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