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Biology Unit 2 AOS1 > Chalter 10 > Flashcards

Chalter 10 Flashcards

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0
Q

Affected neurons

A

Also called sensory neurons, type of nerve cell that transmits informations about changes in internal or external conditions to the cns

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1
Q

Adaptations

A

Features that appear to help an organism survive and reproduce in a particular habitat

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2
Q

Aldosterones

A

Hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, acts on kidney tubules to stimulate sodium ion reabsortion

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3
Q

Antideuretic hormone ADH

A

Hormone produced by nerosecretory cells in the hypothalamus, increases reabsortion if water into the blood from distal tubules and collecting ducts of nephrons from the kidneys

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4
Q

Antifreeze

A

Compound that when added to fluid lowers the freezing point of the fluid

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5
Q

Axon

A

Extension of nerve cell along which impulses are transmitted away from the cell

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6
Q

Behavioural features

A

Activities that an animal performs in response to an external or internal stimuli

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7
Q

Cell body

A

Part of the neuron that contains the nucleus

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8
Q

CNS

A

The brain and spinal cord

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9
Q

Cochlea

A

Fluid filled coiled tube in the inner ear that contain fine hairs that can detect sound vibrations and which leads to the auditory nerve

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10
Q

Conduction

A

Transfer of heat between two materials that are in contact with each other

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11
Q

Connecting neurons

A

Also called inter neurons, type if nerve cell located in the cns that links sensory and effector neurons

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12
Q

Convection

A

Transfer of heat by air or water currents

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13
Q

Core temperature

A

Temperature of the internal cells if the body, in humans core is 37 degrees

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14
Q

Countercurrent exchange

A

Situation in which two fluid systems following adjacent to each other, but in opposite directions, enables the transfer of heat or compound from one system to the other by diffusion

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15
Q

Cuticle

A

Each layer on the outside of epidermal cells, waxy outer layer on leaves

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16
Q

Dendrites

A

branched extensions of the nerve cells that transmit impulses to the cell

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17
Q

Density

A

The number of individuals of a given species per unit area, also termed turbulence

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18
Q

Ectothermic

A

Organisms whose body temperature is governed by external heat sources

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19
Q

Effector neurons

A

Also called motor neurons, type of nerve cell that transmits information from the cns to uncle glands or cells

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20
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Walsh called ductless glands, glands that produce one or more hormones, and secrete them directly into the bloodstream where they circulate to particular targets

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21
Q

Endocrine system

A

System of ductless glands that produce hormones and release them directly into the bloodstream

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22
Q

Endothermic

A

Organisms whose body heat is is generated from internal metabolic sources

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23
Q

Evaporation

A

Loss of water in vapour form from the surface of a body of water

24
Q

Evaporative cooling

A

Coolong if the body achieved when heat energy is used to evaporate liquid sweat from the skins and heat energy is thusly lost form the body

25
Q

External environment

A

Environment outside an organism

26
Q

Free water

A

Twitter available for an animal to use including drink

27
Q

Glucose

A

Ka six carbon sugar, a common monosacharide

28
Q

Homeostasis

A

Condition of a relatively stable internal environment maintained within narrow limits

29
Q

Homeothermic

A

Refers to an organism that is able to maintain an internal body temperature within a narrow range

30
Q

Hormones

A

In animals chemicals produced in endocrine glands that are released into and transported via the bloodstream to other parts of the body where they act

31
Q

Humidity

A

Measure the amount if water vapour in the atmosphere

32
Q

Hypothalamus

A

tiny region of brain below the thalamus that controls various essential functions, including those associated with the autonomic ns

33
Q

Insulating layers

A

Typically thick layers of fat, hair or feathers on an animal that assist the animal to retain heat and withstand extremely low temperatures

34
Q

Internal environment

A

The fluid surrounding living cells within a multicellular organisms

35
Q

Kidneys

A

Excretory organs that filter wastes, mainly nitrogenous from the blood and form urine

36
Q

Negative feedback

A

A regulatory mechanism that maintains a relatively steady value for body variables such as glucose temperature and water concentration

37
Q

Nerve cells

A

Neurons each genetically consisting of an axon and cell body, dendrites and are specialised to receive, transmit, and initiate electrical impulses

38
Q

Nervous control system

A

Brain spinal cord and all nerves of the body

39
Q

Neurons

A

Nerve cells

40
Q

Osmoreceptors

A

Especial used nerve cells in the hypothalamus of the brain that detects changes in blood concentration and release hormones in response

41
Q

Osmoregulation

A

Maintenance of constant internal salt and water concentrations in internal fluids(homeostasis) in spite of different concentrations in the external environment

42
Q

Osmosis

A

Netmovement of water across a permeable membrane without an input of energy down a concentration gradient

43
Q

Pns

A

I all nerves cells that in whole lie or part outside the brain and spinal cord

44
Q

Phyllodes

A

Leave like structures derived form a petiole

45
Q

Physological

A

Particular aspects of the function of an organism and its many parts

46
Q

Pituitary

A

Endocrine gland attached to the hypothalamus influences the production of thyroxin by the thyroid

47
Q

Poikilothermic

A

Refers to an organism having a body temperature that can vary greatly with changes in the external environment

48
Q

Radiation

A

U heat energy in the form of infra red Rays lost from the surface is a warm body

49
Q

Renin

A

Hormone released by the kidney that acts to increase water reabsortion from nephron tubules

50
Q

Spinal cord

A

Dorsal nerve cord within the vertabrae column that with the brain and associated nerves makes up the cns

51
Q

Stomata

A

Lab opening typically on a leaf surface, through which water vapour and carbon dioxide can move

52
Q

Structural features

A

Particular aspects of the structure of an organism and its many parts

53
Q

Tolerance range

A

Extent of variation In an environmental factor in which a species can survive

54
Q

Transpiration

A

Loss of water from the surface of the plant

55
Q

Transpiration stream

A

Flow of water through a plant from roots to leaves

56
Q

Vasopressin

A

An ADH hormone produced by nerosecretory cells cells in the hypothalamus p, increase water reabsortion into the blood from distal tubes and collecting ducts of nephrons in the kidney

57
Q

Xerophytes

A

Plants with characteristics that enable resistance to drought and life in very dry areas

Biology Unit 2 AOS1 (4 decks)

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