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Biology Unit 2 AOS1 > Chalter 10 > Flashcards

Chalter 10 Flashcards

0
Q

Affected neurons

A

Also called sensory neurons, type of nerve cell that transmits informations about changes in internal or external conditions to the cns

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1
Q

Adaptations

A

Features that appear to help an organism survive and reproduce in a particular habitat

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2
Q

Aldosterones

A

Hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, acts on kidney tubules to stimulate sodium ion reabsortion

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3
Q

Antideuretic hormone ADH

A

Hormone produced by nerosecretory cells in the hypothalamus, increases reabsortion if water into the blood from distal tubules and collecting ducts of nephrons from the kidneys

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4
Q

Antifreeze

A

Compound that when added to fluid lowers the freezing point of the fluid

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5
Q

Axon

A

Extension of nerve cell along which impulses are transmitted away from the cell

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6
Q

Behavioural features

A

Activities that an animal performs in response to an external or internal stimuli

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7
Q

Cell body

A

Part of the neuron that contains the nucleus

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8
Q

CNS

A

The brain and spinal cord

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9
Q

Cochlea

A

Fluid filled coiled tube in the inner ear that contain fine hairs that can detect sound vibrations and which leads to the auditory nerve

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10
Q

Conduction

A

Transfer of heat between two materials that are in contact with each other

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11
Q

Connecting neurons

A

Also called inter neurons, type if nerve cell located in the cns that links sensory and effector neurons

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12
Q

Convection

A

Transfer of heat by air or water currents

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13
Q

Core temperature

A

Temperature of the internal cells if the body, in humans core is 37 degrees

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14
Q

Countercurrent exchange

A

Situation in which two fluid systems following adjacent to each other, but in opposite directions, enables the transfer of heat or compound from one system to the other by diffusion

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15
Q

Cuticle

A

Each layer on the outside of epidermal cells, waxy outer layer on leaves

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16
Q

Dendrites

A

branched extensions of the nerve cells that transmit impulses to the cell

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17
Q

Density

A

The number of individuals of a given species per unit area, also termed turbulence

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18
Q

Ectothermic

A

Organisms whose body temperature is governed by external heat sources

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19
Q

Effector neurons

A

Also called motor neurons, type of nerve cell that transmits information from the cns to uncle glands or cells

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20
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Walsh called ductless glands, glands that produce one or more hormones, and secrete them directly into the bloodstream where they circulate to particular targets

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21
Q

Endocrine system

A

System of ductless glands that produce hormones and release them directly into the bloodstream

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22
Q

Endothermic

A

Organisms whose body heat is is generated from internal metabolic sources

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23
Q

Evaporation

A

Loss of water in vapour form from the surface of a body of water

24
Evaporative cooling
Coolong if the body achieved when heat energy is used to evaporate liquid sweat from the skins and heat energy is thusly lost form the body
25
External environment
Environment outside an organism
26
Free water
Twitter available for an animal to use including drink
27
Glucose
Ka six carbon sugar, a common monosacharide
28
Homeostasis
Condition of a relatively stable internal environment maintained within narrow limits
29
Homeothermic
Refers to an organism that is able to maintain an internal body temperature within a narrow range
30
Hormones
In animals chemicals produced in endocrine glands that are released into and transported via the bloodstream to other parts of the body where they act
31
Humidity
Measure the amount if water vapour in the atmosphere
32
Hypothalamus
tiny region of brain below the thalamus that controls various essential functions, including those associated with the autonomic ns
33
Insulating layers
Typically thick layers of fat, hair or feathers on an animal that assist the animal to retain heat and withstand extremely low temperatures
34
Internal environment
The fluid surrounding living cells within a multicellular organisms
35
Kidneys
Excretory organs that filter wastes, mainly nitrogenous from the blood and form urine
36
Negative feedback
A regulatory mechanism that maintains a relatively steady value for body variables such as glucose temperature and water concentration
37
Nerve cells
Neurons each genetically consisting of an axon and cell body, dendrites and are specialised to receive, transmit, and initiate electrical impulses
38
Nervous control system
Brain spinal cord and all nerves of the body
39
Neurons
Nerve cells
40
Osmoreceptors
Especial used nerve cells in the hypothalamus of the brain that detects changes in blood concentration and release hormones in response
41
Osmoregulation
Maintenance of constant internal salt and water concentrations in internal fluids(homeostasis) in spite of different concentrations in the external environment
42
Osmosis
Netmovement of water across a permeable membrane without an input of energy down a concentration gradient
43
Pns
I all nerves cells that in whole lie or part outside the brain and spinal cord
44
Phyllodes
Leave like structures derived form a petiole
45
Physological
Particular aspects of the function of an organism and its many parts
46
Pituitary
Endocrine gland attached to the hypothalamus influences the production of thyroxin by the thyroid
47
Poikilothermic
Refers to an organism having a body temperature that can vary greatly with changes in the external environment
48
Radiation
U heat energy in the form of infra red Rays lost from the surface is a warm body
49
Renin
Hormone released by the kidney that acts to increase water reabsortion from nephron tubules
50
Spinal cord
Dorsal nerve cord within the vertabrae column that with the brain and associated nerves makes up the cns
51
Stomata
Lab opening typically on a leaf surface, through which water vapour and carbon dioxide can move
52
Structural features
Particular aspects of the structure of an organism and its many parts
53
Tolerance range
Extent of variation In an environmental factor in which a species can survive
54
Transpiration
Loss of water from the surface of the plant
55
Transpiration stream
Flow of water through a plant from roots to leaves
56
Vasopressin
An ADH hormone produced by nerosecretory cells cells in the hypothalamus p, increase water reabsortion into the blood from distal tubes and collecting ducts of nephrons in the kidney
57
Xerophytes
Plants with characteristics that enable resistance to drought and life in very dry areas

Biology Unit 2 AOS1 (4 decks)

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