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challenging urbanisation Flashcards

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1
Q

Define urbanisation

A

An increase in the number of people living in towns and cities

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2
Q

Define a megacity

A

Cities with a population of over 10 million

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3
Q

Define urban primacy

A

An importance/ influence bigger then their size suggests. London is an example

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4
Q

Define World City

A

Cities that play a disproportionate role in world affairs

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5
Q

Define rural-urban migration

A

Movement of people from one country-side to cities

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6
Q

What are the reasons for Mega City Growth?

A 
# Rural-Urban migration
# Natural Increase
# People moving there for better jobs
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7
Q

Why have cities in developed countries experienced decline?

A 
# DeIndustrialisation 
# Suburbanisation 
#Counter Urbanisation
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8
Q

Why have places like London and New York grown more recently?

A 
# Urban Regeneration
# International migration
# Attracted to jobs in the "Knowledge economy"
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9
Q

Other developed cities e.g. Detroit in the USA have experienced decline, why?

A 
# Closure of car industry
# Depopulation
# Problems with urban crime/ dereliction
# Discourages investment from TNC'S
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10
Q

Define push factor

A

Something that makes someone want to leave the area

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11
Q

Define pull factor

A

Something that encourages people to an area

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12
Q

What are examples of push factors?

A 
# Crime
# Poor weather
# Lack of education
# Poor housing
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13
Q

What are examples of pull factors?

A

Better education, jobs, healthcare and housing

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14
Q

What is meant by the formal economy?

A 
# Jobs that pay tax
# Jobs that are regulated by govt
# Employment rights
# Safety/ health regulation
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15
Q

What is meant by the informal economy?

A 
# Jobs that don't pay tax
# Jobs that aren't regulated by govt
# Poor worker rights
# No safety/ health regulations
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16
Q

What is the Burgees model?

A

A`land use model- showing CBD, Inner City, Suburbs and Rural Urban fringe

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17
Q

What would you expect to find in the CBD in devloped countries?

A 
# Commercial land use
# High building density
# Good Transport infrastructure
# Expensive land
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18
Q

What would you expect to find in the inner city?

A 
# Main industry
# Terraced Housing
# Factories
19
Q

What would you expect to find in suburbs?

A 
# Mainly residential use
# Large house (semi)
# Parks
20
Q

What would you expect to find the Rural Urban Fringe?

A 
# Big Detached houses
# Lots of green space
# Farming, agriculture
21
Q

What is the Hoyt model?

A

A different land use model theory that shows how land use developed along transport routes

22
Q

What is meant by a brown field site?

A

A site that previously been built on. Existing infrastructure remains

23
Q

What is meant by a greenfield site?

A

A site that ha s never been built on before

24
Q

What is meant by the term site?

A

Original reasons/ factors it was set up there

25
Q

What is meant by the term situation?

A

The growth of settlement/ international and national connections

26
Q

Site factors - Mumbai

A 
# Ulhas river - trading, grown around estuary
# Low lying lands - good for agriculture
27
Q

Situation - Mumbai

A 
# Formed a conurbation with Navi Mumbai
# Deep water harbour
# Growth of ports
28
Q

Why is the megacity Mumbai growing rapidly?

A
  1. Rural-Urban migration

2. Natural increase

29
Q

What is the structure of Mumbai?

A
  1. Because of harbour CBD is not in the centre but near the tip
  2. Inner city - Wealthy areas close to the CBD and along waterfront
  3. Middle low income areas further from CBD
  4. Furthest away from CBD - slum settlement
30
Q

What are the opportunities for people living in Mumbai?

A 
# Most people employed in the informal economy
@ Informal economy adds $1 billion to Mumbais GDP
31
Q

What are the challenges facing Mumbai?

A
  1. Economic probelms
  2. Housing shortages
  3. Air pollution/ traffic
  4. Water supply/ waste disposal
32
Q

What are Mumbai’s economic problems?

A 
# Working conditions are poor
# Informal jobs
# No tax means the govt can't provide services
# Dharavi factories are illegal
33
Q

What are Mumbai’s problems with housing?

A 
@ Poorest 60% live in slums 
# Dharavi is the largest slums 
# City authorities have no money
# Many live in cramped conditions
34
Q

What are Mumbai’s probelms with air pollution?

A 
@3,500 people die on Mumbai’s railways every year 
#Poor quality cars – increase air pollution
#Many vehicles are old 
#Fossil fuels from factories due to industrialisation
35
Q

What are Mumbai’s problems/solutions for waste/water?

A

@800 million litres of untreated sewage go into the river every day
@60% of Mumbai’s population use communal taps
@However, 80% of Mumbai’s waste is recycled
@Recycling industry is worth US$1.5millionand employs 10,000 people

36
Q

What is meant by sustainable development?

A

Development that meets the needs of today’s population as well as future generation

37
Q

What factors should sustainable development take into account?

A

The social, economic and environmental needs

38
Q

What is meant by top down development?

A 
# Organised by the government
# Impacts large numbers of people
# Large amounts of money invested
39
Q

What is meant by bottom up development?

A 
# Organised by local people
# Smaller scale
# Locals have control over their development
40
Q

What is Vision Mumbai?

A

A plan for top-down development to improve the city and quality of life

41
Q

What are the positives/negatives of Vision Mumbai (top-down development)?

A

Positives:
 New flats replaced some of the slums
 325 green spaces were restored that were polluted
 Built 300 toilets – improved sanitation
 Improving train capacity and safety
 High rise blocks for slum dwellers
Negatives:
 Many would prefer slum improvements not to lose homes
 Apartment blocks have split communities
 Rents cost more than the slums
 Small workshops have to move impacting recycling industry
 Water supply worsening due to sewage discharge

42
Q

What is the LSS project?

A

A health charity (bottom-up) to control leprosy on the edge of Dharavi.

43
Q

What are the positives/negatives of the LSS project (bottom-up development)

A

Positives:
 Treated 28,000 people and 75% were cured
 LSS works with communities to improve sanitation (e.g. boiling drinking water/waste disposal)
 Education about vermiculture (worms composting waste) Compost can then be sold
 Running kindergartens for young children to help parents
 Training people to make/sell crafts
Negatives:
Very few – more grassroots/ helping those that need it. However, only affects small amount of people compared to Vision Mumbai and less money invested into projects.
Generally, a more SUSTAINABLE and EFFECTIVE approach.

geography (3 decks)

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