challenging urbanisation

Question 1

Define urbanisation

Answer 1

An increase in the number of people living in towns and cities

Question 2

Define a megacity

Answer 2

Cities with a population of over 10 million

Question 3

Define urban primacy

Answer 3

An importance/ influence bigger then their size suggests. London is an example

Question 4

Define World City

Answer 4

Cities that play a disproportionate role in world affairs

Question 5

Define rural-urban migration

Answer 5

Movement of people from one country-side to cities

Question 6

What are the reasons for Mega City Growth?

Answer 6

# Rural-Urban migration
# Natural Increase
# People moving there for better jobs

Question 7

Why have cities in developed countries experienced decline?

Answer 7

# DeIndustrialisation 
# Suburbanisation 
#Counter Urbanisation

Question 8

Why have places like London and New York grown more recently?

Answer 8

# Urban Regeneration
# International migration
# Attracted to jobs in the "Knowledge economy"

Question 9

Other developed cities e.g. Detroit in the USA have experienced decline, why?

Answer 9

# Closure of car industry
# Depopulation
# Problems with urban crime/ dereliction
# Discourages investment from TNC'S

Question 10

Define push factor

Answer 10

Something that makes someone want to leave the area

Question 11

Define pull factor

Answer 11

Something that encourages people to an area

Question 12

What are examples of push factors?

Answer 12

# Crime
# Poor weather
# Lack of education
# Poor housing

Question 13

What are examples of pull factors?

Answer 13

Better education, jobs, healthcare and housing

Question 14

What is meant by the formal economy?

Answer 14

# Jobs that pay tax
# Jobs that are regulated by govt
# Employment rights
# Safety/ health regulation

Question 15

What is meant by the informal economy?

Answer 15

# Jobs that don't pay tax
# Jobs that aren't regulated by govt
# Poor worker rights
# No safety/ health regulations

Question 16

What is the Burgees model?

Answer 16

A`land use model- showing CBD, Inner City, Suburbs and Rural Urban fringe

Question 17

What would you expect to find in the CBD in devloped countries?

Answer 17

# Commercial land use
# High building density
# Good Transport infrastructure
# Expensive land

Question 18

What would you expect to find in the inner city?

Answer 18

# Main industry
# Terraced Housing
# Factories

Question 19

What would you expect to find in suburbs?

Answer 19

# Mainly residential use
# Large house (semi)
# Parks

Question 20

What would you expect to find the Rural Urban Fringe?

Answer 20

# Big Detached houses
# Lots of green space
# Farming, agriculture

Question 21

What is the Hoyt model?

Answer 21

A different land use model theory that shows how land use developed along transport routes

Question 22

What is meant by a brown field site?

Answer 22

A site that previously been built on. Existing infrastructure remains

Question 23

What is meant by a greenfield site?

Answer 23

A site that ha s never been built on before

Question 24

What is meant by the term site?

Answer 24

Original reasons/ factors it was set up there

Question 25

What is meant by the term situation?

Answer 25

The growth of settlement/ international and national connections

Question 26

Site factors - Mumbai

Answer 26

``` # Ulhas river - trading, grown around estuary # Low lying lands - good for agriculture ```

Question 27

Situation - Mumbai

Answer 27

``` # Formed a conurbation with Navi Mumbai # Deep water harbour # Growth of ports ```

Question 28

Why is the megacity Mumbai growing rapidly?

Answer 28

1. Rural-Urban migration | 2. Natural increase

Question 29

What is the structure of Mumbai?

Answer 29

1. Because of harbour CBD is not in the centre but near the tip 2. Inner city - Wealthy areas close to the CBD and along waterfront 3. Middle low income areas further from CBD 4. Furthest away from CBD - slum settlement

Question 30

What are the opportunities for people living in Mumbai?

Answer 30

``` # Most people employed in the informal economy @ Informal economy adds $1 billion to Mumbais GDP ```

Question 31

What are the challenges facing Mumbai?

Answer 31

1. Economic probelms 2. Housing shortages 3. Air pollution/ traffic 4. Water supply/ waste disposal

Question 32

What are Mumbai's economic problems?

Answer 32

``` # Working conditions are poor # Informal jobs # No tax means the govt can't provide services # Dharavi factories are illegal ```

Question 33

What are Mumbai's problems with housing?

Answer 33

``` @ Poorest 60% live in slums # Dharavi is the largest slums # City authorities have no money # Many live in cramped conditions ```

Question 34

What are Mumbai's probelms with air pollution?

Answer 34

``` @3,500 people die on Mumbai’s railways every year #Poor quality cars – increase air pollution #Many vehicles are old #Fossil fuels from factories due to industrialisation ```

Question 35

What are Mumbai’s problems/solutions for waste/water?

Answer 35

@800 million litres of untreated sewage go into the river every day @60% of Mumbai’s population use communal taps @However, 80% of Mumbai’s waste is recycled @Recycling industry is worth US$1.5millionand employs 10,000 people

Question 36

What is meant by sustainable development?

Answer 36

Development that meets the needs of today’s population as well as future generation

Question 37

What factors should sustainable development take into account?

Answer 37

The social, economic and environmental needs

Question 38

What is meant by top down development?

Answer 38

``` # Organised by the government # Impacts large numbers of people # Large amounts of money invested ```

Question 39

What is meant by bottom up development?

Answer 39

``` # Organised by local people # Smaller scale # Locals have control over their development ```

Question 40

What is Vision Mumbai?

Answer 40

A plan for top-down development to improve the city and quality of life

Question 41

What are the positives/negatives of Vision Mumbai (top-down development)?

Answer 41

Positives:  New flats replaced some of the slums  325 green spaces were restored that were polluted  Built 300 toilets – improved sanitation  Improving train capacity and safety  High rise blocks for slum dwellers Negatives:  Many would prefer slum improvements not to lose homes  Apartment blocks have split communities  Rents cost more than the slums  Small workshops have to move impacting recycling industry  Water supply worsening due to sewage discharge

Question 42

What is the LSS project?

Answer 42

A health charity (bottom-up) to control leprosy on the edge of Dharavi.

Question 43

What are the positives/negatives of the LSS project (bottom-up development)

Answer 43

Positives:  Treated 28,000 people and 75% were cured  LSS works with communities to improve sanitation (e.g. boiling drinking water/waste disposal)  Education about vermiculture (worms composting waste) Compost can then be sold  Running kindergartens for young children to help parents  Training people to make/sell crafts Negatives: Very few – more grassroots/ helping those that need it. However, only affects small amount of people compared to Vision Mumbai and less money invested into projects. Generally, a more SUSTAINABLE and EFFECTIVE approach.