Challenges Of An Urbanising World

Question 1

What is urbanisation?

Answer 1

The growth in proportion of a countries population living in urban areas

Question 2

What is a megacity?

Answer 2

A city with 10million people living there

Question 3

How does a primate city influence the country economically?

Answer 3

• investment-businesses often locate there
• migration-lots of jobs so people move there to find work
• transport-international ports and airports are often located there, encouraging further investment and migration

Question 4

Examples of push factors?

Answer 4

• shortage of jobs or low wages
• poor standard of living
• poor healthcare and education
• war or conflict
• natural disasters
• a poor environment

Question 5

Examples of pull factors

Answer 5

• more employment opportunities
• better standard if living
• better healthcare and education
• a safe place with litter crime or risk of natural disasters
• a cleaner environment

Question 6

What is formal employment?

Answer 6

Officially recognised, there are rules about how many hours people can work, workers pay tax to the government out of the wages they earn

Question 7

What is informal employment?

Answer 7

Employment that is unofficial, jobs aren’t taxed or regulated by the government.

Question 8

What are the four different economic sectors?

Answer 8

Primary,secondary, tertiary and quaternary

Question 9

What is the primary sector?

Answer 9

Involves collecting raw materials e.g farming, fishing,mining and forestry

Question 10

What is the secondary sector?

Answer 10

Involves turning a product into another product (manufacturing), e.g making textiles, furniture, chemicals, steel and cars

Question 11

What is the tertiary sector?

Answer 11

Providing a service- anything from financial services, nursing, retail to the police force and transport

Question 12

What is the quaternary sector?

Answer 12

Is the information economy-e.g research and development

Question 13

What stages do cities go through as they develop?

Answer 13

• urbanisation
• suburbanisation
• de-industrialisation
• counter-urbanisation
• regeneration

Question 14

What can land in cities be used for?

Answer 14

• commercial
• industrial
• residential

Question 15

What are the different land uses in cities?

Answer 15

Commercial
Industrial
Residential

Question 16

What can you find in the central business district (CBD)?

Answer 16

Has commercial and public buildings, high density buildings and the meeting of major roads

Question 17

What is in the inner city?

Answer 17

Mainly residential (low-class housing) and older industry. Short parallel roads of terraced housing and larger factory buildings

Question 18

What is in the suburbs?

Answer 18

Mainly residential (medium-class housing), short curved streets and cul-de sacs

Question 19

What is in the rural urban fringe?

Answer 19

Mix of commercial business parks and residential (high-
class housing). More green space between built-up areas and clusters kg larger office buildings or shopping centres with car parks

Question 20

Where is Lagos?

Answer 20

Nigeria

Question 21

Where is Lagos located?

Answer 21

Atlantic western coast of Nigeria

Question 22

What challenges does Lagos face?

Answer 22

• squatter settlements
• traffic congestion
• limited service provision
• poor employment conditions
• waste disposal
• water supply

Question 23

How much of Lagos population live in slums?

Answer 23

Over 60%

Question 24

Why does Lagos have some of the worst traffic congestion in the world?

Answer 24

• little investment in transport infrastructure
• public transport is limited
• CBD is on an island

Question 25

What is wrong with Lagos water supply?

Answer 25

• 40% of the city connected to the state water supply, the pipes are old and rusty
• water often contaminated with sewage
• the state water company supplies less than half of what is needed

Question 26

What ways are the government trying to improve Lagos?

Answer 26

• improving water supply
• reducing traffic congestion
• improving waste disposal
• improving air quality

Question 27

Advantages of top-down projects

Answer 27

• can achieve large improvements
• can carry out higher-cost projects
• can address economic, social and environmental sustainability

Question 28

Disadvantages of top-down projects

Answer 28

• often very expensive
• don’t always have support for the communities
• may not help those most in need

Question 29

Advantages of bottom-up projects

Answer 29

• planned with the local community, can target those who need it the most
• often funded by donations

Question 30

Disadvantages of bottom-up projects

Answer 30

• smaller scale projects so they reach fewer people
• funds may be limited
• can lack coordination

Question 31

How are communities and NGOs trying to improve Lagos sustainability?

Answer 31

• improving health
• improving city housing
• improving education