Challenges of an Urbanising world

Question 1

Megacity

Answer 1

pop more than 10ml

Question 2

primate city

Answer 2

cities like london or paris that are so important in a country they dominte its economic, financila and political systems

Question 3

international migration push

Answer 3

lack of job, services, entertainment or culture

Question 4

international migration pull

Answer 4

empolyment, services, entertainment and culutre

Question 5

formal employment

Answer 5

normal wage, may pay tax, sick leave and paid holidays, declared to the gov

Question 6

informal employment

Answer 6

not recognised by the gov, work on streets

Question 7

site of mumbai

Answer 7

low lying, natural deep harbour, lies on an island

Question 8

prob with site of mumbai

Answer 8

cant expand, owercrowding

Question 9

urbanisation

Answer 9

increase in number of ppl living in towns and cities due to industrial revolution

Question 10

suburbanisation

Answer 10

people move out from city centre to suburbs
* improvements in transport links = commute

Question 11

urban primacy

Answer 11

when a country is dominated by 1 city eg London generates 25% of UK GDP

Question 12

How can primate cities be created?

Answer 12

• large airports
• financial services
• big ports

Question 13

Brain-drain

Answer 13

best educated try to live and work in a developed country and leave current country

Question 14

Primary sector

Answer 14

extracting raw materials

Question 15

secondary

Answer 15

manufacturing

Question 16

tertiary

Answer 16

services

Question 17

quaternary

Answer 17

information economy + tech

Question 18

Developing countries: jobs

Answer 18

• informal employment
• lowskilled + primary sectors
• low pay, long hours, dangerous

Question 19

Emerging countries: jobs

Answer 19

• secondary
• low skilled tertiary jobs
• improved conditions and rights

Question 20

Developed countries: jobs

Answer 20

• formal employment - good rights
• more educated = tertiary and quaternary
• They outsource mining + manufacturing to developing/emerging countries

Question 21

de-industrialisation

Answer 21

movement of manufacturing businesses moving out of an area to areas with lower rents or another country

Question 22

counter-urbanisation

Answer 22

• urban to rural areas

Question 23

regeneration

Answer 23

to reverse decline caused by suburbanisation, de-ind. and counter-urb.

Question 24

Stages of city development

Answer 24

1. urbanisation
2. suburbanisation
3. de-industrialisation
4. counter-urbanisation
5. regeneration

Question 25

Factors affecting urban land uses

Answer 25

• Avalibility
• Planning regulations
• accessibility
• cost

Question 26

How does availibility affect urban land uses?

Answer 26

• tallest buildings are in the centre because land is in high demand
• larger buildings built on edges of cities like shopping centres

Question 27

How does planning regulations affect urban land uses?

Answer 27

• city planners control development of cities by allowing diff building types in diff zones
• in city centres = strict and new development is rare

Question 28

3 main categories of urban land use

Answer 28

• commercial
• industrial
• residential

Question 29

Ways to make urban life more sustainable

Answer 29

• more green spaces
• recycling
• energy-efficient housing
• water/energy conservation

Question 30

Benefits of green spaces

Answer 30

• good for mental health
• excercise - reduces diseases
• air pollution is lower there
• flood risk falls because green space cuts surface runoff after rain

Question 31

Urban Sprawl

Answer 31

When cities grow in an uncontrolled fashion in any direction