Challenges Of An Urbanising World

Question 1

Define urbanisation

Answer 1

Growth in the proportion of people living in urban areas.

Question 2

What percentage of people live in urban areas

Answer 2

50%

Question 3

Define urban primacy

Answer 3

When one city dominates the country its in. These Primate cities have a large population.

Question 4

How do primate cities influence the country economically?

Answer 4

Businesses often locate there
Lots of jobs/pull factors
Lots of transport

Question 5

How do primate cities influence politically

Answer 5

Governments and hq of large businesses are there.

Descisions favour the city more

Question 6

Push factors?

Answer 6

Shortage of jobs
Poor living standard
Poor healthcare
War
Natural disasters
Crime or pollution

Question 7

Pull factors

Answer 7

Employment opportunities
Higher wages
Better healthcare
Little crime or natural disasters
Cleaner enviroment

Question 8

Cities in DEVELOPING countries are growing because

Answer 8

Rural areas are poor so national migration in the country occurs. Informal sector has opportunities for low skilled migrants

Some cities have good transport links so trade is focused there

Some cities are attracting foreign companies

Question 9

Cities are developing in EMERGING countries because

Answer 9

People move to cities to work in new industries like IT or MANUFACTURING.

As countries get wealthier, they invest in flagship projects to attract foreign investment and get jobs

Question 10

Why are some cities in DEVELOPED areas declining in population?

Answer 10

De industrialisation. People moved to find work elsewhere. Some are regenerated.

Lots of low paid workers like cleaners are attracted to more succsessful cities.

Question 11

Formal work is

Answer 11

Officially recognised.
Protected by laws
Tax paid

Question 12

Informal work is

Answer 12

Unofficial. Jobs arent taxed or regulated.

Long hours. Dangerous conditions.

Question 13

The primary sector

Answer 13

Collecting raw materials.

Farming, fishing, mining

Question 14

The secondary sector

Answer 14

Turning a product into something else or MANUFACTURING.

Textiles, furniture, chemicals, cars

Question 15

The tertiary sector

Answer 15

Providing a service, anything from financial to nursing to retail and police

Question 16

Quatenary sector

Answer 16

Information economy.
Research and development
Investigate and develop new products.

IT, Consultancy

Question 17

Suburbanisation meaning

Answer 17

Movement of people from the middle of a city to the edges.

Urban areas expand and SPRAWL as housing is built on the outskirts.

Overcrowding and polluted = cities
Suburbs = more green

Improvement in transport means people can live in suburbs and work in the city centre

Question 18

De industrialisation meaning

Answer 18

As countries develop, manufacturing moves out of an area.

Why? Rents are cheaper rurally or overseas to countries where costs are lower.

Can lead to depopulation and lower living standards as shops and restaurants close

Question 19

Counter urbanisation meaning

Answer 19

Movement of people away from large urban areas to smaller settlements.

People think quality of life is higher in rural areas with cheaper housing

Increased car ownership means people can still commute

Improved communication means they can work from home

Question 20

Regeneration

Answer 20

Since the 1990s some cities have started to reverse the decline.

To attract, they invest in private developments, eg. Flats and office blocks and upgraded infrastructure

Once its started it continues and encourages

Young and single people want to live close to work with bars and nightclubs (entertainment)