Challanges of urbanising world Flashcards
general importance of Bristol (transport linked)
its is on the M4 corridor near footlose industry with good road and rail links and access to London. Bristol airport and Bristol university enabled foreign relations.It has high level of inwards investment including FDI, in manufacturing,finance and technology.
give four reasons Bristol is important
- Bristol is leading green city and it is the kindest city in UK
2.Wallace and Gromit was created there.
3.Massive container port found here - 700,000 cars are imported here each year
4.Larger scale industry including the second largest silicon chip manufacturers in the world.
Challanges with bristols growth: Dereliction
Many old industrial buildings have been left abanndoned.They become a target for vandalism and crime.This pushes residents to further area which are safer and nicer.
Solution for Dereliction
The goverment is offeringgrants to companies that are willing to renovate it.Some of these building hold historial significance = cannot be demolished.Some can become pop up restuarants, galleries etc.
Challanges with bristols growth: Waste and pollution
Bristol produces half a million tonnes of waste per year!They do not want to use landfill as the rubbish will take many years to decay.In addition increasing amount of vehicles creates air pollution.This can increases death rates!(via lung cancer etc)
Solution for waste and pollution
- 50% of household waste is recycled
- Pupils are educated on recycling
- Pedestianise some parts of the city
- Construction of over 40 charging points for electro cars
Challanges with bristols growth: Housing Shortages
Increasing need for houses = increasing price.The goverment wants to build more house but lack space. Brownfield is time consuming and expensive.Greenfield will and the centre will decline.
Solution for housing shortage
Larger house with garden can be built on greenfield to attract wealthy families.
Developing brownfield land means city centre would decline.Thats where they built apartaments.
what percent of bristols population are non- white
16%
Opportunities of Bristol’s growth:(Migrants)
- Migrants have been employed in jobs, where there has been a gap in skills to fill the position.This means that Bristol’s economy has been able to continue to gro and no services haves suffered shortage.
2.Migrants bring their culture to the city, which has resulted in Bristol’s entertaiment and hospitality industries becoming world famous.The food industry is especially wide and varied with the community becoming accepting of new cultures.
3.Bristol hosts St Pauls Carnival to intergrate and celebrate all the migrants that live in the city.The Carnival attracts 40,00 visitors each year, which in turn profits Bristol.
location of Bristol
- On the M4 corridor
- next to River Avon
- Bordering Wales
- country : Summerset
in south west england
On the coast of Bristol channel
one of uk’s 10 core cities
Social inequality: Inner city
Filwood = Life expentancy of 78 yr, 2 years below average.
Cancer death above average
low participation in sports
above average teen pregancy
36% top grades GCSE
1300 crimes a year
Social inequality: Suburb
Life expectancy 83 yr
poor access to shops
94% top GCSE grades
50% have a degree
300 crimes or less per year
highest car ownership rate
What are derelict land
old mills warehouses that are abonded attract crime and vandalism
Causes of deindustrialiation
- Bristols dockswent into near
- competiton with larger companies e.g Avon mouth
- lost of social and economical inequalities
- 20% are unemployed
what is deindustrialization
is a process of social and economic change caused by the removal or reduction of industrial capacity or activity in a country or region, especially of heavy industry or manufacturing industry.
External factors causing market to decline
- competition from abroad
- new technology
- skill/physical advantage
Internal factors causing market to decline
- running out of resources
- mechanisation
- Enviromental degradation
market decline chain
market decline = Industries close = People loose jobs = less money to spend in local shops etc = local economy declines
= no new investments = …
changes in Bristol: Shopping centre
e.g Cabot circus provides leisure opportunities for locals.
changes in Bristol: Urban greening
Bristol is trying to improve its enviroment by increasing green open spaces.This is called urban greening. There are 8 nature reserves and 30% of the city is covered in trees
changes in Bristol: Shopping centre POSITIVES
+ Jobs opportunities for local
+ Shopping centers use up derelict lands and can reduce crime in areas sice gangs can’t hang out there.
changes in Bristol: Shopping centre NEGATIVES
- Causes traffic conjestion since it pulls people away from centre
changes in Bristol: Urban greening POSITIVE
+ Green spaces are important for minimising urban sprawl and air pollution which improves quality of life for locals
+Wildlife levels have increased in natural reserves
Bristol natural importance list 9 reasons
engeniring degrees
important uk port for imports/ exports
colour capital of uk
travel hub
silicon chip industry
SS great britian for tourists
execllent road links to london
8th largest uk tourist destination
Two major universities
Integrated transport
Aimed to encourage people to use public transport by linking railway station to park n ride
(reduce green gas emmisions)
Harbourside
Former Warehouses have been coverted into bars,nightclubs and cultural venus e.g galleries or meuseums.
Annual 3 day Bristol’s Haurbourside Festival = 300,000 visitors per year
Development of high tech industry
50 Micro - electronics and silicon design and robotics e.g. Toshiba
Aerospace industry - 15 global companies e.g. Roys Rolls
Leisure
” proffesianal fotball temas and rugby union team.Also the headqurters for Glouchester county cricket
How could Bristol’s cycling stragedy be applied to other cities
- To get into the city centre for work or shopping
- to go sight- seeing or shopping aroundthe city centre
- to travel travel to work school or local shops within a zone in the city
- To come in or out the city from surround place
Benefits of cycling
Reduces air pollution
Better health
reuced CO^2 emissions
Boosts tourism
good form of daily exercise
Lower levels of obesity
Quick and reliable
reduces traffic conjestion
Negatives of cyling
ability to cycle
only for younger gen
descrimination
theft
the weather
dangerous
antisocial behaviour
initial cost is high
Quality of life is
the standart of health comfort and happiness expirienced by an individual or a group
What kind of competition from abroad comes
China + NEE
cheaper labour and work longer hour
raw materials
strict enviromental laws in UK
Bristols industy regenration ideas
- retraining skills
massive investment form govement to create start upp business
reduce rents in office space
Britstols Harbourside regenration scheme
The redevelopment of past British docks area.The first development involved the SS - a historic vessel built Bristols returned for restoration that attracted large number of visitors.This shows that the docks could become a valuable enviromental for redevelopment.Llays TSB relocated their headquarters to the docklands area.This acted as great splur for investment.
Key features of Bristols Hourbourside
- IMAX theater
- at Bristol Science meuseum
- Millenium Square
Has the haurborside been succeseful?
- Over 300m poundsof inward investment
- Over 3000 new jobs
- Mixed commercial enviroment (cafe, bars, galleries , cinnemad, shops etc)
- Sport facilities
- Art facillitis
- heritage meuseus and festivals
- Steam train rides
what are the goals for temple quarter
- 3 new enters
- 22,000 jobs by 2041
- £ 1.66 economy increase
- open green space
- by ‘30 they want 4,000 new houseing (‘41 = 10,000)
- a lot about the affordability
- Improve cycling, walking and public transport
- connection to Bristol uni
- jobs abd investments
What does LET it be FAB stard for
protect Lives and homes
not harm Enviroment
last long Time
it be
for Fututre generations
be Affordabile
protect Businesses and jobs
What is a regeneration scheme
It is a plan made to in develop certain areas of the city making it more sustainable and ecomicly grow
What does sustainability means
Meeting everyone’s needs whether it is enviromental,social or economical
when did uk began urbanizing and why
uk began urbanazing in 1900 when everyone began movig from farmlands to city
what percentage of people in uk live in city by
in 1950 -
in 2013 -
79%
83%
what percentage of people in ethiopia live in city in 2019
= 20%
name push 6 factors of people moving to cities
peoples home x jobs destroyes
automation causes people to loose jobs
desertification
uninhabital land
goverment mandlate (Singapore)
civil wars(syria)
name pull 6 factors of people moving to cities
more/higher job payment
having more/better healthcare
better education
family
trend
fun