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Immunology > Chakerian Immunology Review > Flashcards

Chakerian Immunology Review Flashcards

0
Q

TNF is produced by what types of cells?

A

Macrophages, T Cells

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1
Q

What serve as chemo-attractants of neutrophils?

A

C5a, IL-8,

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2
Q

What cytokine has the following effects: endothelial cells: activation(inflammation/coagulation), neutrophils activation, hypothalamus induced fever, liver synthesis of acute phase proteins, muscle fat catabolism (cachexia), many cell types induced apoptosis?

A

TNF

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3
Q

IL-1 is produced by what types of cells?

A

Macrophages, endothelial cells, some epithelial cells

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4
Q

What cytokine induces the following effects: endothelial cell activation and induced inflammation/coagulation, hypothalamus induced fever, liver synthesis of acute phase proteins, induced TH17 differentiation?

A

IL-1

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5
Q

What are examples of acute phase proteins?

A

C-reactive protein, mannose binding protein, complement factors

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6
Q

IL-12 is produced by what type of cells?

A

Dendritic cells, Macrophages

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7
Q

What cytokine causes the following effects: IFN-gamma production by NK cells, NKT cells, TH1 cells and CD8+ cells, increased cytotoxic activity, and induced TH1 cell differentiation?

A

IL-12

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8
Q

IFN-gamma is produced by what kinds of cells?

A

NK cells, NKT cells, TH1 cells and CD8+ cells

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9
Q

What cytokine has the following effects: activation of macrophages, induces class II MHC expression, inhibits viral replication directly, induces IgG production

A

IFN-gamma

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10
Q

Type I interferons ( interferon-alpha and interferon-beta) are produced by what type of cells?

A 
IFN-alpha = dendritic cells, macrophages
IFN-beta = fibroblasts
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11
Q

What cytokine has the following effects: induced antiviral state in all cells, increased class I MHC expression, activation of NK cells

A

Type I IFN (IFN’s alpha and beta)

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12
Q

IL-10 is produced by what types of cells?

A

Macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells

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13
Q

What cytokine causes the following effects: inhibition of IL-12 production by macrophages and dendritic cells, reduced expression of co stimulators and class II MHC molecules?

A

IL-10

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14
Q

IL-6 is produced by what kinds of cells?

A

Macrophages, endothelial cells, T cells

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15
Q

What cytokine causes the following affects: synthesis of acute phase proteins by the liver, proliferation of antibody producing cells by B cells, TH17 differentiation

A

IL-6

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16
Q

What cytokine has the following effects: inhibition on inflammation, differentiation into TH17 cells and Treg cells.

A

TGF-beta

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17
Q

What cytokines induce synthesis of acute phase proteins?

A

TNF, IL-1, IL-6

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18
Q

What cytokine has the following effect: increased integrin affinity, chemotaxis, activation?

A

IL-8

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19
Q

IL-8 is produced by what type of cells?

A

Macrophages, endothelial cells, epithelial cells

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20
Q

What cytokines cause inflammation?

A

TNF, IL-1,

21
Q

What cytokines reduce inflammation?

A

IL-10, TGF-beta

22
Q

What complement pathway is activated by IgM, IgG antibodies bound to antigen, pentraxins (functional ancestors of antibodies) bound to ligands and apoptotic cells?

A

Classical Pathway

23
Q

What complement pathway is activated by mannose binding lectin (MBL), or ficolins (group of oligomeric lectins) bound to polysaccharide?

A

Lectin Pathway

24
Q

What complement pathway is activated by microbial cell wall polysaccharides ( LPS, teichoic acid) or viral glycoproteins?

A

Alternative Pathway

25
Q

What complement pathway utilizes C1q, C1r, C1s?

A

Classical Pathway

26
Q

What complement pathway utilizes MBL, Ficolins, MASPs?

A

Lectin Pathway

27
Q

What complement pathway utilizes factor B, factor D and Properdin (stabilizes AP convertases)?

A

Alternative Pathway

28
Q

What complement pathway incorporates the following regulator molecules: soluble regulators - C1INH, C4bp, factor I, membrane regulators - CD46 (MCP), CD55 (DAF), CD59?

A

Classical Pathway

Lectin Pathway

29
Q

What complement pathway incorporates the following regulator molecules: soluble - factor H, factor I, membrane - CD55 (DAF), CD59

A

Alternative Pathway

30
Q

What compliment factors serve as opsonization factors for phagocytes via their CR1, CR3, CR4, and CRIg receptors?

A

C3b, iC3b

31
Q

What complement factor induce inflammation by associating with phagocytic cells, mast cells, basophils and vasculature via C3aR and C5aR receptors?

A

C3a, C5a

32
Q

What specific part of the complement system acts on gram negative bacteria (thin cell wall compared to gram positive bacteria) and erythrocytes to induce cell lysis?

A

Membrane attack complex (MAC) - C5b-C9

33
Q

What are the major (professional) antigen presenting cells?

A

Dendritic Cells, macrophages, B cells

34
Q

What protein transports proteins from the cytosol that have been degraded by the proteosome into the ER to be presented by MHC I molecules?

A

TAP

35
Q

HLA-A,B and C are associated with what molecule?

A

MHC Class I

36
Q

HLA-DP, DQ and DR are associated with which molecule?

A

MHC class II

37
Q

VDJ recombination for B cells occurs in what organ?

A

Bone Marrow

38
Q

A T cell is TCR-, CD4-, and CD8- when it is what kind of cell?

A

A pro T-cell that has just migrated from the bone marrow

39
Q

In T cell V(D)J recombinase is encoded by what?

A

RAG

40
Q

What part of the TCR has the highest variability?

A

CDR3

41
Q

What amounts for the bulk of TCR and BCR variability?

A

Junctional diversity

42
Q

Each combination of V,D,J gene segments and combination of two different chains ( heavy and light or alpha and beta) produce an antigen receptor with a different specificity is known as what?

A

Combinational Diversity

43
Q

During recombination, enzymes adding or removing nucleotides at the junctions between the V,D and the D,J gene segments increasing the amount of sequence variability at the junctions is known as what?

A

Junctional Diversity

44
Q

What are some examples of vasodilators?

A

Nitric oxide, histamine, prostaglandins, serotonin

45
Q

What are molecules that mediate vasopermiability?

A

Histamine, complement, bradykinin, leukotrienes

46
Q

What cytokines are important for chemotaxis?

A

TNF-alpha, IL-1,IL-8, complement

47
Q

What cytokines induce fever?

A

TNF-alpha, IL-1,IL-6, prostaglandins

48
Q

What cytokines induce pain?

A

Prostaglandins and Bradykinin

49
Q

What inflammatory mediators cause tissue damage?

A

ROS, NO

50
Q

What are the cells involved in acute inflammation?

A

Neutrophils, macrophages

51
Q

What are the cells involved in chronic inflammation?

A

Macrophages, lymphocytes

Immunology (5 decks)

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