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Infection Control > Chain Of Infection > Flashcards

Chain Of Infection Flashcards

1
Q

Two basic principles of infection prevention and control is hygiene

A

Hand hygiene and environmental hygiene

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2
Q

Prudent antibiotic stewardship

A

“The right drug,for the right bug”

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3
Q

The traditional epidemiological triad models holds that infectious diseases result from the interaction of agent, host, and environment.

A

Chain of infection

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4
Q

3 parts of chain of infection

A
  1. Reservoir
  2. Mode of transmission
  3. Vector
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5
Q

The reservoir of an infectious agent is the habitat in which the agent normally lives, grows and multiples

A

Reservoir

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6
Q

Diseases that are transmitted from person to person without intermediaries

A

Human reservoir

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7
Q

Carriers commonly transmit disease because they do not realize they are infected, and consequently take no special precautious to prevent transmission

A

Human reservoir

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8
Q

Are those carriers who have recovered from their illness but remain capable of transmitting to others

A

Convalescent carriers (human reservoir)

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9
Q

Are those carriers who can transmit the agent during the incubation period before clinical illness begins

A

Incubatory carriers (human reservoir)

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10
Q

Those carriers who never experience symptoms despite being infected

A

Asymptomatic or passive or health carriers (human reservoir)

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11
Q

May or may not show the effects of illness

A

Human reservoirs

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12
Q

Are those carriers who continue to harbor to a pathogen such as hepatitis B virus or salmonella typhi

A

Chronic carriers (human reservoir)

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13
Q

Many of these disease are transmitted from animal to animal, with humans as incidental hosts

A

Animal reservoirs

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14
Q

Refers to an infectious disease that is transmissible under natural conditions from vertebrate animals to humans

A

Zoonosis

Ex. Of zoonosis
- brucellosis (cows and pigs)
- anthrax (sheep)
- plaque (rodents)
- trichinellosis/trichinosis (swine)
- Tularemia (rabbits)
- rabies (bats, raccoons, dogs, other mammals)

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15
Q

Plants, soild and water in the environment are also reservoirs for some infectious agents

A

Environmental reservoirs (fungal agents)

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16
Q

____ is the path by which a pathogen leaves its host

A

Portal of exit

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17
Q

Where does TB exits, schistosomes, cholera vibrios exits

A

Tb - respiratory tract
Sch - urine
Cholera - feces

18
Q

portal of exit from the human reservoir includes

A

Blood
Open wound, needle puncture site
Any break in intact skin
RT
Sneezing, coughing, breathing, talking
GIT
mouth
Anus
Urine

19
Q

Infectious agent may be transmitted from its natural reservoir to a susceptible host in different ways

A

Mode of transmission

20
Q

Types of mode of transmission and its subtypes

A

Direct
1. Direct contract
2. Droplet spread

Indirect
1. Air borne
2. Vehicle borne
3. Vector borne (mechanical or biological)

21
Q

An infectious agent is transferred from a reservoir to a susceptible hosts by direct contact or droplet spread

A

Direct transmission

22
Q

A contact that occurs through skin to skin contract, kissing and sexual intercourse

A

Direct contact

23
Q

Refers to spray with relatively large, short-range aerosols produced by sneezing, coughing or even talking

A

Droplet spread

24
Q

Refers to the transfer of an infectious agent from a reservoir to a host by suspended air particles, inanimate objects (vehicles) or animate intermediaries (vectors)

A

Indirect transmission

25
Q

Occurs when an infectious agents are carried by dust or droplet nuclei suspended in air

A

Airborne transmission

26
Q

includes materials that has settled on surfaces and become re-suspended by air currents as well as infectious particles blown from the soil by the wind

A

Airborne dust

27
Q

May indirectly transmit an infectious agent include food, water, biologic products, and fomites, objects such as handkerchiefs, bedding and surgical scalpels

A

Vehicles

28
Q

a ___ may passively carry a pathogen

A

Vehicle

29
Q

__ such as mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks may carry an infectious agent through purely mechanical means or may support growth changes in the agents

A

Vectors

30
Q

Refers to the manner in which a pathogen enters a susceptible host

A

Portal of entry

31
Q

Final link in the chain of infectious is a susceptible host

A

Host

32
Q

Refers to the protective antibodies that are directed against a specific agent.

A

Specific immunity

33
Q

Natural barriers to infection

A

Intact skin
Nasal cilia
Lung macrophages
Acidic environment in the stomach, urine and vaginal secretions
Tears that wash away pathogens
Saliva

34
Q

Vehicleborne transmission may be interrupted by

A

Elimination or decontamination of the vehicle

35
Q

How to rprevent airbore disease

A

Modifying ventilation or air pressure, filtering or treating the air

36
Q

How to prevent oral-route transmission

A

Promoting hand washing

37
Q

A way to interrupt vectorborne transmission

A

Controlling vector population. Spraying to reduce the mosquito population

38
Q

Intervention to increase a host defenses

A

Vaccination

39
Q

This concept suggests that if a high enough proportion of individuals in a population are resistant to an agent, then those few who are susceptible will be protected by the resistant majority since the pathogen will be unlikely to “find” those few susceptible individuals

A

Herd immunity

40
Q

Susceptible hosts

A

Young children
Old individuals
Ppl with inadequate diets
Who are chronicaly ill
With open wounds

Infection Control (3 decks)

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