Ch_7_Classes_And_Objects

Question 1

::

Answer 1

Scope Resolution operator. It is needed to indicate class member functions and to inform the compiler which class it belongs to.

Question 2

Member Function (Methods)

Answer 2

• A function that belongs to a class.
• The procedures that an object performs.

Question 3

Class

Answer 3

• A programmer-defined data type used to define objects.
• The primary construct used to create objects.

Question 4

Types of Member Functions (Methods)

Answer 4

• Acessor, get, getter function
  -Mutator, set,setter function

Question 5

Access Specifier

Answer 5

• Public or Private
• Specify which member variables and member function are accessible from inside and outside the class.

Question 6

Data Hiding

Answer 6

• Refers to an object’s ability to hide its data from code outside the object.
• Only the object’s member functions can directly access and make changes to its data.
• An object typically hides its data, but allows outside code to access it through some of its member functions.

Question 7

Encapsulation

Answer 7

Data and method together

Question 8

Abstract Data Type

Answer 8

Any data type whose implementation details are kept separate from the logical properties needed to use it.

A data type that specifies the values the data type can hold and the operations that can be done on them without the details of how the data type is implemented.

Question 9

Abstraction

Answer 9

A general model of something.

A definition that includes only the general characteristics of an object without the details that characterize specific instances of the object.

Question 10

Data Abstraction

Answer 10

Separation of a data type’s logical properties from its implementation details.

Question 11

Procedural Programming

Answer 11

A method of writing software centered on the procedures, or functions, that carry out the actions of the program.

Question 12

Object Oriented Programming

Answer 12

A method of writing software that is centered on objects.

Question 13

Objects

Answer 13

• A software entity that combines both data and the procedures that work with it in a single unit.
• Instances of a class.

Question 14

Attributes

Answer 14

An objects data items. Stored in member variables.

Question 15

Encapsulation

Answer 15

The bundling of an object’s data and procedures.

Question 16

Instantiation

Answer 16

Defining a class.

Question 17

Accessor (Get Functions; Getter)

Answer 17

A member function that USES the value of a class variable, but does not change it.

Question 18

Mutator (Set Functions; Setter)

Answer 18

A member function which stores a value in a member variable, or changes its value.

Question 19

Inline Function

Answer 19

Member functions that are defined within the class definition.

Question 20

Function Implementation

Answer 20

A member function definition that is placed outside of the class declaration. A member function prototype will be placed in the class declaration.

Question 21

Stale Data

Answer 21

Member data that has an external dependency and wasn’t changed when the dependency was changed.

Question 22

Stack

Answer 22

Section of memory that holds the following when a regular function is called.
- Return address for when the function finishes executing.
- Values of the function arguments.

Question 23

Constructor

Answer 23

A special PUBLIC member function that is automatically called when a class object is created.

Question 24

Default Constructor

Answer 24

A constructor which has no parameters.

Question 25

Member Initialization List

Answer 25

A list of member variable names with their initial values that appears after the constructor heading and before the opening brace of the body.

Question 26

In-place initialization

Answer 26

Beginning with C++11 you can initialize member variables when they are defined inside the class declaration.

Question 27

Constructor Delegation

Answer 27

In C++ 11, it is possible for one constructor to call another constructor in the same class.

Question 28

Destructor

Answer 28

• A member function that is automatically called when an object is destroyed.
• Public member functions with the same name as the class, preceded by a tilde character (~).
• Have no return type, similar to constructors.
• Cannot accept arguments, so they never have a parameter list.
• There can only be one destructor.

Most useful when working with objects that are dynamically allocated.

Question 29

Private Member Functions

Answer 29

• Member functions that may only be called from a function that is a member of the same class.

Question 30

Constant Reference

Answer 30

To protect an object when it is passed as an argument, without having to make a copy, it can be passed a a constant reference.

This means that a reference to the original object is passed to the function, but it cannot call any mutator functions or change any of the object’s member data.

It can only call accessor functions that have themselves been designated as constant functions.

Question 31

Object Composition

Answer 31

When one class is nested inside another.

Question 32

Class Specification File

Answer 32

A header file that contains a class declaration.

Question 33

Class Implementation File

Answer 33

A separate .cpp file that includes the member function definitions.

Question 34

Structure

Answer 34

A programmer-defined data type that can hold many different data values.

Question 35

Object Oriented Analysis Process

Answer 35

1. Identity the classes and objects to be used in the program.
2. Define the attributes for each class.
3. Define the behaviors for each class.
4. Define the relationships between classes.

Question 36

Class Attributes

Answer 36

The data elements used to describe an object instantiated from the class.

Question 37

Relationships Between Classes

Answer 37

• Access
• Ownership (Composition)
• Inheritance