CH9 Peers, Romantic Relationships, and Lifestyles

Question 1

Individual Difference Factors

Answer 1

Personality traits can affect peer relations.
Ex. Openness to peer influence

Question 2

Peer Statuses and the 5 Types

Answer 2

Sociometric Status: adolescents are liked and disliked by their peers.

Popular: The best friend and rarely disliked.
Average: Both positive and negative nominations from peers
Neglected: Not the best friend but not disliked by peers
Rejected: Not someone’s best friend and actively disliked by peers.
Controversial: Someone’s best friend and being disliked.

Question 3

Social Cognition and Emotion

Answer 3

Thoughts about social matters. How adolescents process information during peer interaction.

Question 4

Friendship

Answer 4

A subset of peers who engage in mutual companionship, support, and intimacy.
Importance of friends increases in adolescence.
Older friends higher chance of delinquent behaviors.
Intimacy and similarity most important characteristics of friendships.
Adolescents prefer a smaller number of friendships that are more intense and intimate.
Friendships decline from the end of adolescence through emerging adulthood.

Question 5

Groups in childhood and adolescence

Answer 5

Childhood: Less formal, Less heterogeneous, less mixed-sex.
Adolescent: Include a broad array of members.

Question 6

Dexter Dunphy Adolescent Group Development

Answer 6

1. Pre-Crowd Stage: Isolated same sex
2. Beginning of the crowd: Same-sex groups start group-on-group interaction.
3. Same-sex groups are forming heterosexual groups, especially among upper-status members.
4. Fully developed crowd; heterosexual groups are closely associated
5. Beginning of crowd disintegration; loosely.

Question 7

Dating and Romantic Relationships

Answer 7

Dating can be recreation or a source of social status and achievement, companionship, and learning about sex and intimacy.

Question 8

3 Stages of Dating

Answer 8

1. Entry into romantic attraction 11-13
2. Exploring romantic relationships 14-16
3. Consolidating dyadic romantic bonds 17-19

Question 9

Romantic Relationships

Answer 9

Adolescents who date have more problems such as substance abuse but they receive more peer social acceptance.

Question 10

Cohabiting Adults

Answer 10

Cohabitation offers some advantages as well as problems and is increasingly the lifestyle for many adults.

Question 11

Gay and Lesbian Adults

Answer 11

They are really similar to heterosexual couples.