CH.9

Question 1

environmental health

Answer 1

the study of how environmental factors affect human health and our quality of life

Question 2

hazards

Answer 2

factors that threaten or are harmful to human health

Question 3

pathogens

Answer 3

disease-causing agents

Question 4

epidemiology

Answer 4

study of disease in human populations

Question 5

toxicology

Answer 5

study of how poisonous substances affect an organism’s health

Question 6

toxicity

Answer 6

determines how harmful a substance is to an organism

Question 7

dose

Answer 7

the amount of a substance an organism is exposed to

Question 8

response

Answer 8

the effect an organism shows as a result of exposure

Question 9

dose-response relationship

Answer 9

the relationship between the different doses and the responses they generate

Question 10

risk

Answer 10

the probability that a hazard will cause a harmful response

Question 11

risk assessment

Answer 11

process of measuring risk

Question 12

infectious disease

Answer 12

diseases caused by a pathogen

Question 13

emerging disease

Answer 13

a disease that has appeared in the human population for the first time

Question 14

pollution

Answer 14

matter or energy that is released into the environment causing negative effects

Question 15

carcinogens

Answer 15

chemicals that cause cancer

Question 16

teratogens

Answer 16

chemicals that harm embryos and fetuses

Question 17

neurotoxins

Answer 17

chemicals that affect the nervous system

Question 18

asbestos

Answer 18

a mineral that forms long, thin microscopic fibers

Question 19

radon

Answer 19

colorless, odorless, highly toxic radioactive gas

Question 20

bioaccumulation

Answer 20

process where organisms can build up large concentrations of toxic substances in their bodies

Question 21

earthquake

Answer 21

the earth shakes

Question 22

landslide

Answer 22

rock and soil slide down a slope

Question 23

tsunami

Answer 23

large ocean wave

Question 24

volcano

Answer 24

an opening in Earth’s crust through which lava, ash, and gases are ejected

Question 25

tornado

Answer 25

type of windstorm in which a funnel of rotating air drops down from a storm cloud and touches earth’s surface

Question 26

hurricane

Answer 26

powerful storm that forms over the ocean in the tropics

Question 27

thunderstorm

Answer 27

storm that produces both lightning and thunder

Question 28

avalanche

Answer 28

mass of snow sliding down a slope